ESTABLISHMENT OF LOW COST NO-TILLAGE CULTIVATIONS AND INVENTION OF NEW CONTROLLED AVAILABILITY FERTILIZERS FOR THEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

建立低成本免耕栽培并发明新型控制有效肥料，特别关注环境问题

基本信息

批准号：
06556011
负责人：
SAIGUSA Masahiko
金额：
$ 8.32万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

No-tillage (NT) cultivation of both rice and corn were conducted using controlled availability fertilizer (CAF) to reduce both labor costs and environmental degradation while maintaining high yields.Innovative rice cultivation methods was developed by using sigmoid type of CAF (POCUs-100 ; 100-days release duration-polyolefin coated urea) as a single basal application of total nitrogen in nursery box for the NT transplanting system. Brown rice yields of NT system with POCUs-100 in nursery box were statistically the same or grater than those of conventional tillage (CT) system with readily available fertilizer (RAF). Recoveries of basal POCUs-100-N of rice plants (73-83%) were much higher than those of RAF (20-39%) and thus reduced greatly environmental degradation caused from fertilizer. Further more, no-tilled direct seeding of rice without soil cover were developed using Y-shape furrow and CAF considering the dominant presence of poor drained paddy soils in north eastern Japan. Seedling establishment of rice was improved by using both Y-shape furrow and CAF in combination with POCUs-100 and Long 40 containing nitrate and ammonia.In dent corn cultivation, Co-situs application of CAF (POCU-30+POCU-70) and corn seeds in no-tillage system was studied in comparison with that of RAF and corn seeds. Emergence rate of corn seedling was more than 90% in CAF plot while that in RAF plot was less than 40% because of burning problem. The dry matter production of corn in NT with CAF was the same or greater than that in CT system applied both basal and top-dressed RAF.Therefore, it was concluded that NT with CAF in both rice and corn cultivation is innovative feasible method to reduce both labor and environmental degradation while maintaining high yield.

使用受控的可用性肥料（CAF）进行了米和玉米的无耕地（NT）培养，以降低人工成本和环境降解，同时保持高产量。使用Sigmoid型CAF（Pocus-100）开发了水稻种植方法; 100天释放持续时间涂层的尿素）作为NT移植系统中托管盒中总氮的单个基础应用。托儿所中的NT系统的糙米产量在统计学上是统计学上的或毛毛，它的含量与常规耕作（CT）系统的乳化剂相同或刨丝器，该系统具有随时可用的肥料（RAF）。基底pocus-100-N水稻植物的回收率（73-83％）高得多，远高于RAF（20-39％），因此降低了由化肥引起的环境降解。此外，考虑到日本东北部的不良稻田土壤的主要存在，使用Y形犁沟和CAF开发了没有土壤覆盖的无土覆盖的无裂水。通过使用Y形犁沟和CAF与POCUS-100结合使用Y-Shape Furrow和CAF，并含有硝酸盐和氨的长40。与RAF和玉米种子相比，研究了无耕种系统中的玉米种子。玉米幼苗的出现率在CAF图中超过90％，而皇家空军地块中的出现率则小于40％，因为燃烧问题。 NT在CAF中玉米的干物质生产与CT系统中的玉米相同或更大。劳动力和环境退化，同时保持高收益。