Variations in long-term fine particulate matter air pollution associations with mortality by particle size, source, and composition

长期细颗粒物空气污染的变化与颗粒物大小、来源和成分的死亡率相关

• 批准号: 10718385
• 负责人: Richard Bernard Hayes
• 金额: $ 134.89万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-26 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10718385
• 关键词: Acidity; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Aerosols; Affect; Age; Air; Air Pollution; Alcohol consumption; American; Biomass; Cause of Death; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chemicals; Chronic Disease; Cities; Climate; Coal; Cohort Studies; Communities; Country; Data; Databases; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus; Diameter; Diet; Education; Elderly; Elements; Energy-Generating Resources; Equilibrium; Ethnic Origin; Excess Mortality; Exposure to; Future; Government; Health; Health Benefit; Health Policy; Health Professional; Health protection; Healthcare; Height; Housing; Human; Income; Individual; Investigation; Ions; Knowledge; Locales; Metals; Modification; Monitor; North America; Oils; Participant; Particle Size; Physical activity; Policies; Population; Predisposition; Preventive measure; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Residual state; Resolution; Risk; Risk Estimate; Sample Size; Smoking; Smoking Status; Sodium Chloride; Soil; Source; Steel; Subgroup; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Uncertainty; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Weight; Work; ambient air pollution; burden of illness; climate change; climate policy; cohort; density; environmental change; fine particles; follow-up; hazard; improved; innovation; insight; meter; mortality; mortality risk; particle; policy recommendation; prospective; residence; sex

SUMMARY Mortality associations with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposures have been well documented. However, the estimate as to how many deaths per unit mass are associated with PM2.5 exposure has varied widely across studies, adding to the uncertainty of generally applying these effect estimates to new situations for policy and health decision-making (e.g., to other cities or countries around the world). In this work, we will evaluate how these health impacts vary with PM2.5 mass source, size distribution, and composition in the large NIH-AARP “Diet and Health Study” cohort, comprising more than a half million older adults living in cities and states across the United States. Participants in this cohort have been well characterized by numerous individual characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race, presence or absence of diabetes, height, weight and smoking), as well as by residence census tract ecologic covariates (e.g., population and housing density, average income). The study participants have been followed since 1995-1996 for mortality, and cause of death has been ascertained. We will enhance the NIH-AARP cohort database by determining long-term participant PM2.5 mass source, composition, and size distribution (i.e., PM mass < 1.0 µm) exposures, and compare their respective associations with mortality. This will allow us to innovatively test the hypothesis that the PM2.5 mass –mortality effect estimates vary as a function of particle size, composition, and/or source characteristics, both overall and in potentially sensitive sub-populations, enabling a more informative assessment of excess mortality due to air pollution exposures. With this new insight, the PM2.5 health benefits can be optimized during mitigative public health and healthcare actions by considering PM2.5 source and composition, including to best protect the most vulnerable populations, and when evaluating the clean air health benefits of alternative energy source choices to address climate change.

概括 与特定问题（PM2.5）空气污染暴露的死亡率关联状况很好 记录。但是，估计每单位质量死亡与PM2.5暴露有关 在研究之间的变化很大，增加了通常将这些效果估计值应用于新的不确定性 政策和卫生决策的情况（例如，到世界其他城市或国家）。在这个 工作，我们将评估这些健康的影响如何随PM2.5质量来源，尺寸分布和 大型NIH-AARP的“饮食与健康研究”队列中的组成，完成了超过50万 居住在美国城市和州的成年人。这个队列的参与者很好 以许多个人特征（例如，年龄，性别，种族，存在或不存在糖尿病的特征， 身高，体重和吸烟）以及居住人口普查生态协变量（例如人口和人口 住房密度，平均收入）。自1995 - 1996年以来，研究参与者因死亡率而受到关注， 死亡原因已经确定。我们将通过确定来增强NIH-AARP队列数据库 长期参与的PM2.5质量来源，组成和尺寸分布（即PM质量<1.0 µm） 暴露，并将其各自的关联与死亡率进行比较。这将使我们能够创新测试 假设PM2.5质量 - 长期效应估计随粒径，组成，， 和/或源特征，无论是整体和潜在敏感的亚种群，使得更多 通过空气污染暴露引起的过剩死亡率的信息评估。有了这个新见解，PM2.5 通过考虑PM2.5，可以在缓解公共卫生和医疗保健行动期间优化健康益处 来源和组成，包括最好保护最脆弱的人群，以及评估 清洁空气健康益处可解决气候变化的替代能源选择。