Long-term Air Pollution Exposure and Mortality in the NIH-AARP Cohort

NIH-AARP 队列中的长期空气污染暴露和死亡率

• 批准号: 8575540
• 负责人: Richard Bernard Hayes
• 金额: $ 39.96万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8575540
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Air; Air Pollution; American Cancer Society; American Heart Association; Behavioral; Caliber; Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Categories; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Chemicals; Classification; Clinical; Complex Mixtures; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Disease; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Health; Information Systems; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10); KAI1 gene; Link; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Measurement; Modeling; Myocardial Ischemia; Obesity; Overweight; Patients; Physical activity; Physicians; Policies; Policy Making; Pollution; Pollution Prevention; Population; Prevention; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Subgroup; System; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; air monitoring; base; clinically significant; cohort; disorder risk; follow-up; human mortality; innovation; land use; mortality; particle; pollutant; residence; Address; Affect; Air; Air Pollution; American Cancer Society; American Heart Association; Behavioral; Caliber; Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Categories; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Chemicals; Classification; Clinical; Complex Mixtures; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Disease; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Health; Information Systems; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10); KAI1 gene; Link; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Measurement; Modeling; Myocardial Ischemia; Obesity; Overweight; Patients; Physical activity; Physicians; Policies; Policy Making; Pollution; Pollution Prevention; Population; Prevention; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Smoking; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Subgroup; System; Testing; Time; Uncertainty; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; air monitoring; base; clinically significant; cohort; disorder risk; follow-up; human mortality; innovation; land use; mortality; particle; pollutant; residence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have made significant findings that outdoor PM2.5 (the mass concentration of particles less than 2.5 um in aerodynamic diameters) is related to all-causes and major cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, including ischemic heart disease (IHD), and possibly to lung cancer. However, PM2.5 in ambient air is a complex mixture that varies greatly in sources and chemical constituents. As a result, significant uncertainty remains as to the magnitude of the PM2.5 risk and which sources and/or constituents of PM2.5 pollution are most responsible for these effects. Also, it is suspected that smoking, BMI, and other factors may modify long-term air pollution-mortality risks, but these potential modifying effects and their implications for identifying potentially susceptible populations are not well understood. We propose studies to address these research needs using the NIH-AARP "Diet and Health Study", a cohort of over one-half million people characterized individually for disease risk factors and followed for disease-specific mortality from 1995-96 to 2008, with over 60,000 deaths already ascertained in the first 10 years of follow-up (19,400 attributed to CVD, 11,500 to IHD, and over 7,600 to lung cancer). In addition to introducing a major new cohort in the U.S. for air pollution research, our study will carry out innovative exposure assessment, linking the detailed NIH-AARP cohort residence data to air pollution data. These data will include PM2.5 mass and gaseous co-pollutant data from the EPA's Air Quality System (AQS) network data, and PM2.5 constituent data from the EPA's nationwide Chemical Speciation Network (CSN). In another significant advance, the NIH-AARP subject mobility data will allow time-dependent exposure classification for those who move residence. With these advances, our research team propose epidemiologic analyses in the NIH-AARP cohort that will: 1) more accurately quantify associations between long-term PM2.5 air pollution and mortality; 2) identify the PM2.5 source categories and trace constituents most closely associated with total and cause-specific mortality; and, 3) identify the population subgroups at greatest risk. The U.S. EPA estimates that long-term exposure to PM2.5 in the US is associated with some 73,000 ischemic heart disease (IHD) deaths (U.S. EPA, 2010), which is on the same scale as the 85,000 IHD deaths per year caused by smoking (CDC, 2005). This study will uniquely identify air pollution source categories and PM2.5 constituents most strongly associated with all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality, a critically important advance for informing air pollution prevention policy. The study will also identify susceptible population sub-groups, and thereby provide physicians with critical clinical information for advising patients about air pollution health effects and prevention.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们已经做出了重大的发现，即空气动力学直径的户外PM2.5（颗粒的质量浓度小于2.5 UM）与全原因和主要心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率有关，包括缺血性心脏病（IHD），可能与肺癌。然而，环境空气中的PM2.5是一种复杂的混合物，在源和化学成分方面差异很大。结果，PM2.5风险的大小以及PM2.5污染的哪些来源和/或成分最大的造成这些影响，仍然存在明显的不确定性。同样，人们怀疑吸烟，BMI和其他因素可能会改变长期的空气污染验收风险，但是这些潜在的修改效果及其对确定潜在易感人群的影响尚不清楚。 我们建议使用NIH-AARP“饮食与健康研究”来满足这些研究需求，该研究的同类人数超过一四百万，以疾病的危险因素为单独特征，随后是1995 - 96年至2008年的疾病特异性死亡率，超过60,000人死亡，在前10年中已经确定了随访的前10年（19,400年，归因于CVD归因于CVD cancy cancy cancely cancely cancely cancely cancy of 19,400，并造成了7，00，000年，并高于7，00，000年。除了引入美国空气污染研究的主要新队列外，我们的研究还将进行创新的暴露评估，将详细的NIH-AARP队列居住数据与空气污染数据联系起来。这些数据将包括来自EPA的空气质量系统（AQS）网络数据的PM2.5质量和气态共污染物数据，以及来自EPA的全国化学化学物种形成网络（CSN）的PM2.5组成数据。在另一个重大的进步中，NIH-AARP主题移动性数据将允许搬迁居住者的时间依赖性暴露分类。通过这些进展，我们的研究团队提出了NIH-AARP队列中的流行病学分析，该分析将：1）更准确地量化长期PM2.5空气污染和死亡率之间的关联； 2）确定与总和特定死亡率最密切相关的PM2.5源类别和痕量成分； 3）确定人口亚组的风险最大。 美国EPA估计，在美国，长期暴露于PM2.5与约73,000名缺血性心脏病（IHD）死亡有关（U.S. EPA，2010年），其规模与每年由吸烟造成的85,000 IHD死亡相同（CDC，2005年）。这项研究将唯一地确定空气污染源类别和PM2.5与全因，CVD和IHD死亡率最密切相关的成分，这是为预防空气污染政策提供信息的至关重要的进步。该研究还将确定易感人群子组，从而为医生提供关键的临床信息，以向患者提供有关空气污染健康影响和预防的建议。