The role of hadal zones in the long-term fate of marine microplastics: Identification of microplastics in the deep sea of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, Northwest Pacific (Deep-MiPoll)

深渊带在海洋微塑料长期命运中的作用：西北太平洋千岛堪察加海沟深海微塑料的识别（Deep-MiPoll）

基本信息

批准号：
399785380
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Angelika Brandt
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung Marine Zoologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/399785380?language=en
关键词：
role hadal zones long term

项目摘要

This project`s main aim is the qualitative and quantitative identification of microplastic (MP) contamination of the deep sea, to gain a better insight into the actual extent of global marine MP pollution and its distribution. In the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, NW Pacific, sediment samples were taken from depths ranging from 5146 m to 9540 m using a Multi Corer. Sampling of plankton samples was conducted by a Multi Net and reached a maximum depth of 5900 m. Additionally, bigger items of anthropogenic litter were separated from bottom trawling samples. These sample records are worldwide unique in the context of MP research and will provide data about the contamination of hadal zones for the very first time.Sample preparation will be conducted through a plastic-preserving method using Fenton`s reagent to oxidize organic matter and a subsequent density separation to separate MP from the sediments. Analyses will be performed by state-of-the-art micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, which allows a precise and objective determination of the plastic polymers and thus, the identification of possible pollution sources. The connection with biological and environmental parameters will place the results in a broader context and examine possible implications.Plastic contamination is one of the most urgent manmade threats for natural environments. The oceans are affected particularly, followed by multifaceted negative effects on ecosystems and single organisms. Once introduced, plastic is very persistent, since there is no significant biological or chemical degradation. Instead, plastics merely tend to be fragmented, leading to steadily rising numbers of fragments of decreasing size, the so-called MP (<500 µm). It has been ascertained that a substantial fraction sinks to the seabed. Thus, the seabed must be presumed as a hot spot of MP accumulation and its deepest parts, the hadal zones, as a final sink for marine MP. This project will contribute to verify the abundance and composition of MP in the deep sea. Furthermore, investigations on spatial differentiation of abundance and composition with depth and through the sediments will be performed. The seas around Japan are exceedingly polluted with pelagic plastic, Deep-MiPoll will investigate a possible causal link between occurrences of MP in the water column and in hadal sediments.In previous studies on MP in the deep sea, sampling reached around 5500 m, hence initial data for deep abyssal and hadal zones will be generated for the first time. This will constitute a big step forward in MP investigations and help to clarify the contribution of vertical propagation for general spatio-temporal distribution and the role of the deep sea in the long-term fate of marine MP. The Deep-MiPoll project will investigate MP in deep-sea samples using spectroscopic analyzing methods systematically for the very first time, and thus, provide highly novel and reliable data about the MP pollution of deep-sea ecosystems.

该项目的主要目的是对深海微塑料（MP）污染进行定性和识别，以更好地了解西北太平洋千岛堪察加海沟全球海洋 MP 污染的实际程度及其分布。使用 Multi Corer 从 5146 m 至 9540 m 的深度采集沉积物样本，并通过 Multi Net 进行浮游生物样本采样，最大深度为 5900 m。此外，从海底拖网样本中分离出较大的人为垃圾，这些样本记录在 MP 研究中是世界上独一无二的，并将首次提供有关深渊区域污染的数据。样本制备将通过塑料进行。 - 使用芬顿试剂氧化有机物的保存方法以及随后将MP从沉积物中分离出来的分析将通过最先进的微傅里叶变换红外光谱进行。允许精确、客观地测定塑料聚合物，从而检查、识别可能的污染源，将结果置于更广泛的背景和可能的影响中。塑料污染是最紧迫的人为威胁之一。海洋受到的影响尤其严重，一旦引入，就会对生态系统和单一生物产生多方面的负面影响，因为塑料不会发生明显的生物或化学降解，反而会导致碎片化。碎片数量稳步增加尺寸逐渐减小，即所谓的 MP（<500 µm），已确定大部分沉入海底，因此，必须假定海底是 MP 积累的热点及其最深部分，即深渊带。作为海洋 MP 的最终汇，该项目将有助于验证深海 MP 的丰度和成分。此外，还将对日本周围海域的丰度和成分随深度的空间分异进行研究。非常Deep-MiPoll将研究受中上层塑料污染的MP在水柱和深渊沉积物中的出现之间可能存在的因果关系。在之前对深海MP的研究中，采样达到了5500 m左右，因此深海和深渊沉积物的初始数据这将是首次生成超深渊带，这将是MP研究的一大进步，有助于阐明垂直传播对一般时空分布的贡献以及深海在海洋中的作用。 Deep-MiPoll 项目将首次使用光谱分析方法系统地研究深海样本中的 MP，从而提供有关深海生态系统 MP 污染的高度新颖且可靠的数据。。