The diet of deep-sea macrobenthic isopods (Crustacea, Malacostrace) and polychaetes (Annelida) with focus on the importance of foraminiferans for their nutrition

深海大型底栖等足类动物（甲壳类、软壳动物）和多毛类动物（环节动物）的饮食，重点关注有孔虫对其营养的重要性

• 批准号: 197983781
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Angelika Brandt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Département de Génétique et Evolution (GENEV)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/197983781?language=en
• 关键词: diet; deep; sea; macrobenthic; isopods

The limited investigations studying the functioning of abyssal ecosystems still leave many unanswered questions. This is also the case for the Southern Ocean deep sea, a habitat with high abundances of protozoan foraminiferans, peracarid crustaceans (namely isopods) and polychaete worms. To gain knowledge on their ecological interactions, the proposed project aims at 1) investigating the diet of abyssal isopods and polychaetes, focusing on the role of foraminiferans, 2) the establishment of molecular methods to identify invertebrate gut contents, and 3) revealing possible mechanisms connected with distinct feeding preferences which might underlie the high degree of diversity found in deep-sea taxa. Epibenthic sledge samples from four previous Polarstern expeditions (ANDEEP I-III and SYSTCO) as well as new material will be analysed. To answer the targeted questions, selected methods will be employed including microscopic gut content analysis, studying functional morphology of mouthparts as well as the designing and optimisation of genetic primers to conduct gut content analyses based on PCR methods (which are even applicable if the gut content is not identifiable by microscopy). The latter include the testing of different universal primers to develop a suitable method for the analyses of an organism’s general diet as well as the application of foraminiferan specific primers to define the role of different foraminiferan species in the diet of isopods and polychaetes. The results will not only deliver information on the diet of deep sea macrobenthos of the Southern Ocean including the role of foraminiferans, but also provide an innovative tool to analyse the diet of various organisms in the future.

对深海生态系统功能的有限调查仍然留下了许多未解答的问题，南大洋深海也是如此，这里是原生动物有孔虫、甲壳动物（即等脚类动物）和多毛类蠕虫的栖息地。为了了解它们的生态相互作用，拟议项目旨在 1) 研究深海等足类动物和多毛类动物的饮食，重点关注有孔虫类，2）建立识别无脊椎动物肠道内容物的分子方法，3）揭示与不同摄食偏好相关的可能机制，这可能是在之前四次 Polarstern 探险中发现的深海类群样本中发现的高度多样性的基础。 ANDEEP I-III 和 SYSTCO）以及新材料将被分析，以回答有针对性的问题，将采用选定的方法，包括微观肠道内容分析、研究功能形态。口器的设计和优化，以及基于 PCR 方法进行肠道内容物分析的遗传引物的设计和优化（如果肠道内容物无法通过显微镜识别，这甚至适用），后者包括测试不同的通用引物以开发合适的方法。用于分析生物体的一般饮食以及应用有孔虫特异性引物来定义不同有孔虫物种在等足类和多毛类饮食中的作用。结果不仅提供有关有孔虫的信息。南大洋深海大型底栖动物的饮食，包括有孔虫的作用，也为未来分析各种生物的饮食提供了创新工具。