Coping with Compounding Risk and Uncertainty: A Longitudinal Study of Cascading Collective Stress in a Probability-Based-US Sample

应对复合风险和不确定性：基于概率的美国样本中级联集体压力的纵向研究

• 批准号: 2242591
• 负责人: Roxane Silver
• 金额: $ 125.21万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-15 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2242591&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coping; Compounding; Risk; Uncertainty; Longitudinal

Since 2020, when the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic began, Americans have been coping with a seemingly endless series of escalating stressors, including inflation and economic instability, social unrest, extreme partisanship, climate-related disasters (e.g., flooding, hurricanes, wildfires), global instability (e.g., war in Ukraine), and low confidence in the scientific and social institutions tasked with protecting the public. Such compounding or cascading collective stress/traumas are threats experienced by large groups of people that are often transmitted via the media to people geographically distal to the event. Direct and media-based exposure to these unprecedented cascading collective traumas are likely to have profound effects on the mental and physical health of U.S. residents. The long-term emotional, cognitive, and behavioral implications of these compounding exposures over time remain unknown. In 2020 this research team initiated a study among a large probability-based nationally representative sample of over 6,500 U.S. residents from the NORC AmeriSpeak panel at the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and respondents were assessed four times over 3 years. Using this preexisting sample, this new project continues to examine how people respond when exposed to compounding collective stressors while simultaneously coping with individual-level stress and trauma. Four additional surveys (Spring 2023, 2024, 2025, and immediately after a yet unknown collective trauma) and a randomized experiment assess respondents' psychological (e.g., cognitive and affective risk perception, emotions) and behavioral (e.g., protective and prosocial behavior) responses to the compounding crises that occur during the project period. Specifically, in collaboration with NORC, this project seeks to follow a nationally representative probability-based sample of 6,500 pre-recruited participants. Panelists provided mental and physical health data before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Initial data for this project were collected in March-April 2020 during the early weeks of the pandemic in the U.S.; respondents have been surveyed four times in the 3 years prior to this new research. Four additional surveys and a randomized experiment assess respondents' psychological (e.g., cognitive and affective risk perception, emotions) and behavioral (e.g., protective and prosocial behavior) responses to compounding collective crises that occur during the project period. This project examines variability in exposure and response to stress and trauma by accounting for both direct and media-based exposures to individual-level and collective traumas over time. Surveys assess exposure to compounding and cascading collective traumas, co-occurring individual acute and chronic stress, risk perceptions, media use, emotional responses, and self-protective behaviors over 3 years. The project has three aims: (1) Examine how exposure to compounding collective traumas since early 2020 (e.g., pandemic, climate disasters) is associated with psychological (e.g., distress, world views, cognitive and affective risk perceptions) and behavioral (e.g., protective behaviors, civic engagement) responses; (2) Examine whether exposure to individual trauma (lifetime, recent) moderates the association between compounding collective trauma exposure and psychological/behavioral responses, and (3) Examine whether degree of personal stress related to collective stressors moderates the impact of compounding collective trauma exposure on psychological/behavioral responses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自2020年以来，当持续的19日大流行开始时，美国人一直在应对一系列无限的压力源，包括通货膨胀和经济不稳定，社会动荡，极端党派，与气候有关 民众。这种复杂或级联的集体压力/创伤是大批人经历的威胁，这些威胁通常是通过媒体传播给活动远端的人们。直接和基于媒体的接触这些空前的级联集体创伤可能会对美国居民的身心健康产生深远影响。随着时间的流逝，这些复合暴露的长期情感，认知和行为影响仍然未知。 2020年，该研究团队在COVID-19-19大流行病开始时，对来自NORC Amerispeak小组的6,500多名美国居民的全国代表性样本进行了一项研究，并在3年​​内评估了四次受访者。使用这个先前存在的样本，这个新项目继续研究人们在暴露于复合集体压力源时如何反应，同时应对个人水平的压力和创伤。另外四次调查（2023，2024，2025，以及在尚未知道的集体创伤之后）和一个随机实验评估受访者的心理（例如，认知和情感风险感知，情绪）和行为（例如保护性和社会行为）对整个项目期间发生的复杂疾病的反应。 具体而言，该项目与NORC合作，旨在遵循全国代表性的基于概率的样本，以6,500名预授予的参与者的样本。小组成员提供了精神和身体健康数据，在Covid-19开始大流行之前。该项目的初始数据是在2020年3月至4月在美国大流行期间收集的；在这项新研究之前的三年中，对受访者进行了四次调查。另外四项调查和一个随机实验评估了受访者的心理（例如，认知和情感风险感知，情绪）和行为（例如，保护性和社会行为）对项目期间发生的复合集体危机的反应。该项目通过考虑直接和基于媒体的暴露对个人级别和集体创伤的暴露，从而研究了暴露和对压力和创伤的差异。调查评估对复合和级联的集体创伤的暴露，同时发生的个人急性和慢性压力，风险感知，媒体使用，情感反应以及自我保护行为，并在3年​​内进行了自我保护。该项目具有三个目的：（1）检查自2020年代初以来（例如，大流行，气候灾难）对复合集体创伤的暴露与心理学（例如遇险，世界观，认知和情感风险感知）和行为（例如保护行为，保护行为，公民参与）的反应有关； （2）检查对个人创伤（生命周期，近期）的接触是否在复合集体创伤和心理/行为反应之间的关联是否存在关联，以及（3）检查是否与集体压力有关和更广泛的影响审查标准。