RAPID: Responding to Terror (Again): A National Study of the Boston Marathon Bombings

RAPID：（再次）应对恐怖：波士顿马拉松爆炸案的全国研究

• 批准号: 1342637
• 负责人: Roxane Silver
• 金额: $ 15.54万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-15 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1342637&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Responding; Terror; Again; National

The recent bombing at the finish line of the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013 was the first large scale terror attack on US soil since September 11, 2001. Dual bombs were detonated on a symbolic target; over 25,000 runners participated in the marathon from around the US and the world; thousands more watched from the streets. Three individuals lost their lives in the bombings, dozens more lost their limbs, and hundreds were maimed and injured; thousands of friends and family members of runners were also affected. Reporters' and spectators' cameras filmed the mayhem and over the next weeks these images were shown repeatedly in both traditional and social media around the world. The city of Boston was locked down as the perpetrators were chased. Dr. Roxane Silver (University of California-Irvine) and her team will conduct a study to examine the national impact of the Boston Marathon bombings. To do so, they will work in collaboration with a Web-based survey research firm that has recruited a nationally representative panel of individuals for online data collection. They will collect data from 4100 individuals following the Boston Marathon bombings, including a representative sample of 800 Boston residents, 800 New York residents, and a nationally representative comparison sample (N=2500). Data collection will start within two weeks of the bombings and ten days after the Boston lockdown and subsequent death and capture of the alleged bombers. Respondents will complete assessments of acute stress response, as well as report the degree of exposure (direct and media) to the bombings, their aftermath, and other recent major collective traumas (e.g., Superstorm Sandy, the Sandy Hook Elementary School shootings).The specific aims of this research are: 1) to investigate the psychological and social processes that help explain individual differences in response to a national traumatic event (i.e., the Boston Marathon bombings); 2) to compare responses to the Boston Marathon bombings among individuals who have directly experienced prior collective traumas (e.g., 9/11, Superstorm Sandy, the Sandy Hook School shootings) to individuals who have not directly experienced such events in the past; and 3) to explore the role of traditional and social media exposure in explaining acute stress responses.A terrorist attack psychologically targets an entire population, not merely those in physical proximity to the attack. Most research on reactions to traumatic events, disasters, and mass-murders has addressed the impact on those directly affected; the psychological consequences for individuals beyond the immediate community where the event occurs are largely unexplored. Information collected in this research will further an understanding of the unique needs of individuals traumatized by terrorism (directly or via the media), and provide information to help identify those at risk for subsequent difficulties following major traumatic events. This study may help policymakers, service providers, and the community at large design educational and intervention efforts that are more cost-effective and more sensitive to the needs of the populace.

自2001年9月11日以来，2013年4月15日在波士顿马拉松赛终点线的爆炸案是对美国土地上的第一次大规模恐怖袭击。双炸弹在象征性目标上被引爆。超过25,000名跑步者参加了来自美国和世界各地的马拉松比赛。街上有成千上万的人看着。三个人在炸弹袭击中丧生，数十名四肢丧生，数百人受到了残疾和受伤的伤害。成千上万的朋友和家人也受到影响。记者和观众的摄像机拍摄了混乱，在接下来的几周中，这些图像在世界各地的传统和社交媒体中都反复显示。当犯罪者被追赶时，波士顿市被锁定。 Roxane Silver博士（加利福尼亚大学 - Irvine）和她的团队将进行一项研究，以研究波士顿马拉松爆炸的国家影响。为此，他们将与一家基于网络的调查研究公司合作，该公司招募了一个代表的个人小组以供在线数据收集。他们将在波士顿马拉松炸弹爆炸后从4100名个人那里收集数据，其中包括800名波士顿居民，800名纽约居民和全国代表性比较样本的代表样本（n = 2500）。数据收集将在炸弹爆炸的两周内以及波士顿锁定后的十天内开始，随后死亡并俘虏了所谓的轰炸机。受访者将完成对急性压力反应的评估，并报告对爆炸案，其后果和其他最近的主要集体创伤的暴露程度（直接和媒体）（例如，Superstorm Sandy，Sandy Hook Sandy，Sandy Hook小学枪击事件）。这项研究的具体目的是：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1：1.1.解释了对全国性的响应（对全国性的事件）的响应（AINALTY MARTAINS）（AINALTIANT）（AINALTIANS）（AINALTIAN）（AINALTIAN）（AINALTY MARLALTY）（AINALTIAN）（AINALTIAN）的响应（IS）。爆炸）； 2）将对波士顿马拉松爆炸的反应比较那些直接经历过的集体创伤的个人（例如9/11，超级风暴桑迪，桑迪·胡克学校枪击事件）与过去没有直接经历过此类事件的个人； 3）探索传统和社交媒体在解释急性压力反应中的作用。恐怖袭击在心理上是针对整个人群的，而不仅仅是与袭击相邻的人群。大多数对对创伤事件，灾难和群众灾害的反应的研究都解决了对直接影响的人的影响。事件发生的直接社区以外的个人的心理后果在很大程度上尚未探索。这项研究中收集的信息将进一步了解恐怖主义（直接或通过媒体）创伤的个人的独特需求，并提供信息，以帮助确定那些在重大创伤事件发生后有可能出现困难的风险的人。这项研究可以帮助政策制定者，服务提供商和社区进行大型设计教育和干预工作，这些工作更具成本效益，并且对民众需求更加敏感。