Workshop on “Life Cycle of the Elements: rocks, soils, organisms, environment”

“元素生命周期：岩石、土壤、有机体、环境”研讨会

• 批准号: 2132738
• 负责人: Joel Brock
• 金额: $ 0.91万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2022-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2132738&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Life; Cycle; Elements; rocks

This online workshop will gather experts in diverse areas of biology and environmental sciences to discuss the “life cycle of elements” moving through the environment and into organisms. Topics to be considered during the workshop span the fields of soil sciences, environmental sciences and mining; plant sciences, plant engineering and agriculture; and fundamental processes of micronutrient uptake, transport, and function in living tissues and cells. The workshop consists of four sessions: (1) Geological/geochemical impacts on environment; (2) Soil-microbe-plant interfaces; (3) Use of elements by cells (fundamental mechanisms; uptake, transport, storage, function); and (4) Impact of environment on living organisms. A major product of this workshop will be a peer-reviewed, published report defining forefront research questions surrounding how chemical elements move through ecosystems, from interfaces between soils and living cells, to how elements are taken up, transported, used, and stored by living tissues and cells. Defining these questions will clarify which areas would most benefit from cutting-edge x-ray techniques and complementary imaging tools. The workshop will engage students and postdoctoral researchers through poster contributions and an “idea slam,” where speakers have one slide and 1-2 minutes to describe an important research question that they cannot address today. This workshop is a follow on to the CHESS X-LEAP initiative workshop in June 2020. X-LEAP stands for X-ray imaging for Life sciences, Earth sciences, Agriculture, and Plant sciences.Elemental distributions in the environment and in living organisms are fundamentally intertwined. The subsurface composition of the earth, through both natural geology and human impact, strongly influences the elemental content in the surrounding waterways, soils, plants, and animals. The workshop will define leading-edge questions related to elemental processes, especially metals, at the complex interfaces between soils, microbiomes, and plants, including elemental cycling in the environment and fundamental mechanisms of elemental uptake, transport, storage, and function in living tissues and cells. Understanding quantitative elemental distributions at different length scales in these complex, chemically heterogeneous systems, including living tissues, is essential to understanding the fundamental processes underpinning elemental transport on environmental scales (mm to m) down to cellular and even subcellular levels (1 µm). Frequently it is critical to determine not only the elemental distribution but also the chemical state (i.e. metal oxidation states and/or bonding environment), ideally with minimal sample preparation or even in vivo, at relevant time scales for dynamically changing systems. The workshop will also seek to clarify the experimental capabilities needed to advance understanding of the questions it defines.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该在线研讨会将聚集生物学和环境科学不同领域的专家，讨论通过环境并进入生物体的“元素生命周期”。研讨会期间考虑的主题涵盖土壤科学、环境科学和采矿领域；植物科学、植物工程和农业；以及活体组织和细胞中微量营养素吸收、运输和功能的基本过程。研讨会由四个部分组成：(1) 地质/地球化学对环境的影响；(2) 土壤-微生物-植物。接口； (3) 细胞对元素的利用（基本机制；吸收、运输、储存、功能）；以及 (4) 环境对生物体的影响，该研讨会的主要成果将是一份经过同行评审的已发表的报告，该报告定义了切割-围绕化学元素如何在生态系统中移动的边缘研究问题，从土壤和活细胞之间的界面，到活组织和细胞如何吸收、运输、使用和储存元素，定义这些问题将澄清哪些区域最能从砍伐中受益。 -边缘 X 射线技术和补充成像工具。该研讨会将通过海报投稿和“创意大满贯”吸引学生和博士后研究人员，其中演讲者用一张幻灯片和 1-2 分钟的时间来描述他们今天无法解决的重要研究问题。 LEAP 倡议研讨会将于 2020 年 6 月举行。X-LEAP 代表生命科学、地球科学、农业和植物科学的 X 射线成像。环境和生物体中的元素分布从根本上是相互交织的。地球通过自然地质和人类影响，强烈影响周围水道、土壤、植物和动物的元素含量。研讨会将定义与土壤、土壤、土壤之间复杂界面处的元素过程（尤其是金属）相关的前沿问题。微生物组和植物，包括环境中的元素循环以及活组织和细胞中元素吸收、运输、储存和功能的基本机制，了解这些复杂的化学异质系统（包括活体）中不同长度尺度的元素定量分布。组织，对于理解支持元素在环境尺度（毫米到米）到细胞甚至亚细胞水平（1 µm）传输的基本过程至关重要。通常，不仅确定元素分布，而且确定化学状态（即化学状态）也至关重要。研讨会还将寻求阐明促进对信息技术问题的理解所需的实验能力，最好是在最少的样品制备甚至体内，在动态变化的系统的相关时间尺度上。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。