Online Workshop on Synchrotron X-Ray Needs for Soft Matter Far From Equilibrium; June/July 2021

关于远离平衡软物质的同步加速器 X 射线需求在线研讨会；

• 批准号: 2129468
• 负责人: Joel Brock
• 金额: $ 0.91万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129468&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Online; Workshop; Synchrotron; Ray; Needs

This grant will support a highly interdisciplinary on-line workshop identifying important fundamental questions related to soft matter far from equilibrium and how to employ X-ray tools to answer these questions. Much of the richness of the world around us – and in fact life itself – arises from conditions and processes far from equilibrium. And yet in contrast to systems at or near-equilibrium, our understanding of the basic principles of far-from-equilibrium systems is in its infancy. Non-equilibrium processes are particularly relevant in soft-matter systems, with huge impacts on areas ranging from health to energy to manufacturing. X-ray scattering studies, particularly using synchrotron radiation, are uniquely able to probe the three-dimensional, atomic-scale structure of soft matter over a wide range of time- and spatial scales, providing critical information needed to elucidate the fundamental processes and later to control them.Non-equilibrium processes are particularly relevant in soft-matter systems. Since their structures are based on weak interaction forces, including dipolar, hydrogen bonding, pi-pi, or screened electrostatic interactions, even small external perturbations can substantially alter the behavior of soft matter. In macromolecular systems, for example, structural relaxation times can be very long. As a result, they often retain a memory of the preparation or processing conditions, a key to the large diversity of macromolecular structures and many technological innovations. Furthermore, in analogy to biology, the study of soft dissipative systems with an ability to produce energy and convert it from one form to another has led to the emergent field of active matter. In recent years, efforts have intensified to study non-equilibrium processes in soft matter systematically in order to explore the entirely novel phenomena associated with transient structure, order, and dynamics, and to improve our fundamental understanding of them. Synchrotron-based x-ray radiation has emerged as a particularly useful tool to contribute to this understanding. This workshop will:1. Identify important science questions related to “Soft Matter Far From Equilibrium” during advanced manufacturing processes such as roll-to-roll printing of highly structured materials;2. Determine how these questions can be addressed using synchrotron-based X-ray capabilities; 3. Identify critical needs for and characteristics of synchrotron-based x-ray resources to support this research; and4. Identify the broader impacts of providing such resources to the soft matter community.The outcomes of the workshop will be captured in a workshop report to be submitted for publication.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该赠款将支持高度跨学科的在线研讨会，以确定与软物质相关的重要基本问题，远非均衡以及如何使用X射线工具来回答这些问题。我们周围世界的大部分世界（实际上是生命本身）源于远离平衡的条件和过程。然而，与系统或接近平衡的系统相反，我们对远程平衡系统的基本原理的理解仍处于起步阶段。非平衡过程在软性系统中特别相关，对从健康到能源到制造业的领域产生巨大影响。 X射线散射研究，尤其是使用同步辐射，具有独特的能力，可以在广泛的时间和空间尺度上探测软物质的三维原子尺度结构，从而提供了阐明基本过程所需的关键信息，以后才能控制它们。NON平衡过程在软体系统中特别相关。由于它们的结构是基于弱相互作用力，包括偶极，氢键，PI-PI或筛选的静电相互作用，因此即使是小的外部扰动也可以大大改变软物质的行为。例如，在大分子系统中，结构放松时间可能很长。结果，他们经常保留对制备或处理条件的记忆，这是大分子结构多样性和许多技术创新的关键。此外，与生物学类似，对具有产生能量并将其从一种形式转化为另一种形式的软耗散系统的研究导致了活跃物质的新兴领域。近年来，为了探索与瞬态结构，秩序和动力学相关的完全新颖的现象，并提高我们对它们的基本理解，因此启发了系统地研究软物质中的非平衡过程。基于同步加速器的X射线辐射已成为有助于这种理解的特别有用的工具。这个研讨会将：1。在高级制造过程中，确定与“远离平衡的软物质”有关的重要科学问题，例如高度结构化材料的滚动打印； 2。确定如何使用基于同步加速器的X射线功能来解决这些问题； 3.确定基于同步加速器的X射线资源的关键需求和特征来支持这项研究；和4。确定向软物质社区提供此类资源的更广泛影响。研讨会的成果将在研讨会报告中被捕获，以提交出版。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估的珍贵支持。