IMPACTS OF RAPID LANDSCAPE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY ON VIRUS HOST SPECIFICITY

快速景观变化和生物多样性对病毒宿主特异性的影响

• 批准号: 2109860
• 负责人: Christine Johnson
• 金额: $ 250万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2109860&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IMPACTS; RAPID; LANDSCAPE; CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY

Rapid changes to landscapes and the biodiversity of plants and animals are altering relationships between microbes and their natural hosts with direct implications for human health. This study investigates the impacts of deforestation, landscape change, and biodiversity on virus characteristics that determine zoonotic potential, including virus “host plasticity”, which is the diversity of host species a virus can infect in nature. Previous work has indicated that higher virus host plasticity is linked to increased likelihood of human-to-human transmission and wider geographic spread. This project seeks to understand whether landscape and biodiversity change drive microbes towards greater host plasticity and therefore heightened pandemic risk. Findings from this research will contribute to ecological theory on the impact of environmental changes on microbial adaptation, with practical implications for management of ecosystems at high risk for pathogen spillover. This research is especially relevant to public authorities seeking evidence on the relationship between environmental change, biodiversity, disease outbreaks, and pandemics. Training opportunities provided through this project will help foster a network of cross-trained scientists interested in disease dynamics, public health and animal health who will strengthen One Health research into the future. Viruses have more opportunities to adapt to new hosts at the edge of ecosystem boundaries, which could influence virus host plasticity and increase spillover risk as new ecosystem edges are formed through habitat fragmentation. To test this hypothesis, this research investigates the host range of bat-borne coronaviruses and mosquito-borne arboviruses (flaviviruses, alphaviruses and bunyaviruses) across replicated gradients of landscape change and community composition in the biodiverse tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Theoretical and computational modeling, underpinned by field investigations and in vitro experiments, will evaluate (1) how virus host and vector plasticity changes at the edge of ecosystems, such as at the boundary between forest and urban habitats, 2) how virus host plasticity is related to virus epidemiology across landscapes, and 3) how intra-host genetic diversity of viruses is influenced by host and vector plasticity. Data and model driven insights will inform on the role that mosquito vectors play in constraining or expanding virus host plasticity and genetic diversity. Characterization of bat-borne coronaviruses and host affinities in an ecosystem with SARS-CoV-related viruses will further inform on coronavirus evolution and emergence of zoonotic potential. This study explores an important paradigm of functional relationships between biodiversity and public health to advance a mechanistic understanding of zoonotic virus emergence with potential to be generalized to other systems.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

景观的快速变化以及动植物的生物多样性正在改变微生物与其自然宿主之间的关系，对人类健康有直接影响。这项研究调查了森林砍伐，景观变化和生物多样性对确定人畜共患势的病毒特征的影响，包括病毒“宿主可塑性”，这是病毒在本质上可以感染的宿主物种的多样性。先前的工作表明，较高的病毒宿主可塑性与人类到人类传播和广泛地理扩散的可能性增加有关。该项目旨在了解景观和生物多样性是否会使微生物朝着更大的宿主可塑性驱动，从而增加了大流行风险。这项研究的结果将有助于生态理论对环境变化对微生物适应的影响，对管理病原体高风险的生态系统的管理具有实际意义。这项研究尤其与公共当局有关，寻求有关环境变化，生物多样性，疾病爆发和大流行之间关系的证据。通过该项目提供的培训机会将有助于建立一个对疾病动态，公共卫生和动物健康感兴趣的交叉培训科学家网络，他们将加强对未来的健康研究。病毒有更多的机会适应生态系统边界边缘的新宿主，这可能会影响病毒宿主的可塑性并增加Spilover风险，因为新生态系统边缘是通过栖息地碎片形成的。为了检验这一假设，这项研究研究了在复制的景观变化和社区组成段落中，东南亚亚洲生物多样性森林中，蝙蝠 - 传播冠状病毒和蚊子 - 传播的arboviruses（黄病毒，α病毒和Bunyaviruses）的宿主范围。由现场研究和体外实验支撑的理论和计算模型将评估（1）病毒宿主和矢量可塑性在生态系统边缘的边缘（例如在森林和城市栖息地之间的边界上）如何变化，2）病毒宿主可塑性如何与跨性别的病毒相关的病毒与跨性别的病毒构成对流行病的影响以及病毒的多样性相关。数据和模型驱动的见解将告知蚊子媒介在限制或扩大病毒宿主的可塑性和遗传多样性中发挥的作用。与SARS-COV相关病毒的生态系统中蝙蝠传播冠状病毒和宿主亲和力的表征将进一步了解冠状病毒的进化和人畜共患病的出现。这项研究探讨了生物多样性与公共卫生之间功能关系的重要范式，以促进对人畜共患病毒紧急事件的机械理解，并有可能被推广到其他系统。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准来通过评估来获得的支持。

项目成果

Confirmation of Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Myanmar Extends Known Geographic Range of an Endangered Primate

缅甸天行白眉长臂猿（白眉长臂猿）的确认扩大了濒危灵长类动物的已知地理范围

• DOI: 10.1007/s10764-024-00418-6
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: International Journal of Primatology
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Aung, Pyae Phyo;Lwin, Ngwe;Aung, Tin Htun;Htike, Thura Soe;Thompson, Carolyn;Roos, Christian;Zaw, Sa Myo;Lum, L. Zawng;Oo, Win Naing;Sau, Zung
• 通讯作者: Sau, Zung

The status of primates and primatology in Myanmar

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02662
• 发表时间: 2023-10-03
• 期刊: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Thompson，Carolyn;Lwin，Ngwe;Evans，Tierra Smiley
• 通讯作者: Evans，Tierra Smiley