Digitization PEN: Contribution of Digital Data from Ground-dwelling Orthopteroid Orders at American Museum of Natural History to the Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network

数字化 PEN：美国自然历史博物馆地面直翅目数字数据对节肢动物网络共生体收藏的贡献

• 批准号: 2001323
• 负责人: Christine Johnson
• 金额: $ 16.62万
• 依托单位: American Museum Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2001323&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Digitization; PEN; Contribution; Digital; Data

Our Earth is a dynamic, ever-changing planet of interacting species ranging from microscopic viruses and bacteria to hundred-ton whales. Just about all life on Earth exists due to intricate interactions that produce or allow for the production of food, medicine, shelter, fiber, fuel through pollination, decomposition, nutrient cycling and more. The cascading consequences of ecosystem shifts on these interactions and products can be understood by examining species distribution and diversity, as well as physical variation within and among species across a geographic range, in relation to environmental factors. Natural history collections hold such information and are a record of what happened yesterday to millions of years ago. These research collections can reveal putative reasons for past events, from which predictions about the future direction ecosystems may take and preparations for potentially volatile outcomes can be made. However, the details in these collections, some dating back 150 years or more, are often recorded on a minute slip of paper tied to a wing, tucked in the grooves of a bone or pierced with a pin underneath a collected insect. To unlock the secrets of the past for the benefit of the future, taxonomic, locality, time, and associated environmental condition collection information must be transcribed into digital form to be available for analysis. The Symbiota Collection of Arthropods Network Thematic Collection Network (SCAN TCN) has digitized specimens of select ground-dwelling insects collected from the southwestern U.S. and Mexico from 16 U.S. institutions. As a Partner to the Existing Network (PEN), the Division of Invertebrate Zoology (IZ) of the American Museum of Natural History will contribute data from 53,800 ground-dwelling roach (‘Blattaria’), earwig (Dermaptera), cricket and grasshopper (Orthoptera) specimens representing ca. 310 species in the AMNH collection. Tools such as automated image cropping and optical character recognition and help of volunteer citizen scientists are integral to this effort, an often slow and tedious process for old, handwritten labels no larger than a centimeter. The result will be a more complete and robust understanding of species diversity and representation of current and past ecosystems and the impact of natural and anthropogenic activities. Localities will be georeferenced so specimens can be mapped in space and time, species distributions can be refined and models of distributional, ecological and diversity changes can be improved. High resolution images of exemplar males, females, alternative morphs, and AMNH holotypes for target species will aid in species identification and comparison. Additional images of earwig cerci (hind pincers) and expanded grasshopper hindwings will be available for data visualization projects. Data and images will be shared with the greater scientific community and public through AMNH’s portal, as well as with GIBF.org, iDigBio.org and SCAN.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们的地球是一个动态的，不断变化的星球，其相互作用的物种，从微观病毒和细菌到一百吨鲸鱼。由于复杂的相互作用而产生或允许通过授粉，分解，养分循环等产生或允许生产食物，药物，庇护所，纤维，燃料等，地球上的所有生命几乎存在。生态系统转移对这些相互作用和产品的级联后果可以通过检查物种的分布和多样性以及地理范围内物种内部和物种之间的物理变化，与环境因素有关。自然历史收藏包含此类信息，并记录了昨天在数百万年前发生的事情。这些研究收集可以揭示过去事件的推定原因，从中，有关未来方向生态系统可能采取的预测，可以做出潜在挥发性结果的准备。但是，在这些收藏中的细节，有些可以追溯到150年或更长时间，通常会记录在绑在翅膀上的一分钟纸上，藏在骨头的凹槽中或刺穿了收集的绝缘材料下面的销钉。为了释放过去的秘密，以使未来的利益，分类学，地方，时间和相关的环境状况收集信息必须转录为数字形式，以进行分析。节肢动物网络主题收集网络（SCAN TCN）的Symbiota集合已将从美国西南部从美国16个机构收集的精选地面居住昆虫数字化。作为现有网络（PEN）的合作伙伴，美国自然历史博物馆的无脊椎动物动物学（IZ）将贡献来自53,800个地面居住的Roach（'Blattaria'），Earwig（Dermaptera），板球和Grasshopper（Orthoptera）的数据。 AMNH系列中的310种。诸如自动图像裁剪和光学特征识别以及志愿者公民科学家的帮助之类的工具是这项工作不可或缺的，这通常是旧的，乏味的过程，用于旧的，手写的标签，不超过一厘米。结果将是对当前和过去生态系统的物种多样性以及自然和人为活动的影响的更完整和强烈的理解。将进行地理特征，以便可以在时空绘制标本，物种分布可以进行完善，并可以改善分布，生态和多样性变化的模型。范例雄性，女性，替代形态和AMNH整体型的高分辨率图像将有助于物种鉴定和比较。 Earwig Cerci（后钳）和扩展的蚱hopper Hindwings的其他图像将用于数据可视化项目。数据和图像将通过AMNH的门户以及gibf.org，idigbio.org和Scan与更大的科学界和公众共享。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估诚实地认为通过评估。