RAPID: Post-Wildfire Runoff from Burned Urban Coastal Landscape

RAPID：野火后来自被烧毁的城市沿海景观的径流

• 批准号: 2346745
• 负责人: Yinphan Tsang
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-11-15 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2346745&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Post; Wildfire; Runoff; Burned

Wildfire is a disaster in multiple facets. On Aug 8, 2023, the unexpected wildfire in Lahaina West Maui was unprecedented for Hawai‘i. The fire that burned across unmanaged grasslands and urban landscapes adds complexity and uncertainty to the impact of post-fire runoff. The resulting ash and contaminants are detrimental to residents and livelihood in Lahaina. The environment is covered in ash, excessive sediment, and contaminants. Runoff from the land will drain into deltaic and coastal geomorphology, affecting marine and riverine geochemistry and coastal ecosystems. The non-linear and complex attributes of this unique former agricultural and urban landscape make it challenging to predict without immediate sampling, documenting and continued studying of the evolvement of the burned watershed. This is particularly true when storms are anticipated as Hawai‘i is entering its rainy season (starting from October), for which no prior observational data exists. The foreseeable storms will cause undesirable ash wash-off from burned areas and sediment erosion to the near-shore and damage the biodiversity and fisheries. For this RAPID project, the PI seeks to survey and install instruments to collect storm runoff and sediment samples after the wildfires in Lahaina. By promptly documenting and disseminating perishable and time-sensitive post-fire data, this research empowers affected residents with the knowledge to make informed decisions regarding their immediate safety and long-term environmental well-being.This RAPID project proposes to address the pressing need to sample the data of post-wildfire impact in Lahaina West Maui, Hawai‘i. The devastating wildfire on August 8, 2023, was an unexpected and unprecedented disaster to this historical coastal city and presents an opportunity to investigate post-fire runoff dynamics, sedimentation, and contaminant transport in a volcanic, steep, and urban landscape. This project employs field and laboratory methods to collect data on water quality, sediment fluxes, and soil and ash samples. Discrete water samples and turbidity measurements will be collected along the Kahoma Stream and terrestrial soil and ash samples will be collected across the broader Lahaina region. Autosamplers will be installed within Kahoma Stream to facilitate long-term tracking. Using autosamplers allows for the collection of continuous samples over multiple storm events to represent fluvial sediment fluxes from the burned landscape. The data, disseminated through community engagement, established scientific channels, and a web-GIS portal, will enhance our knowledge of wildfire impacts on coastal ecosystems, coral reefs, biodiversity, and fisheries. This study contributes to the emerging environmental science on disaster resilience. By focusing on a rare, urban wildfire with proximity to a coastal area, this project offers a unique lens through which to understand the intricate interplay between wildfires, hydrological systems, and ecological responses. This research advances our fundamental knowledge of post-fire dynamics and facilitates the development of predictive models and mitigation strategies for similar coastal regions facing increasing wildfire risks due to climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

野火在多个方面是一场灾难。 2023年8月8日，拉海纳·西毛伊（Lahaina West Maui）的意外野火在夏威夷史无前例。在未托管的草原和城市景观中燃烧的大火为火灾后径流的影响增加了复杂性和不确定性。所得的灰分和污染物对居民有害和拉海纳的生计。环境被灰烬，过量的沉积物和污染物覆盖。从土地上径流，这种独特的前农业和城市景观的非线性和复杂属性使得预测无需立即采样，记录和继续研究被烧毁的流域的演变而挑战。当夏威夷进入雨季（从10月开始）时，预计暴风雨时尤其如此，没有事先观察数据。可预见的暴风雨将导致燃烧区域的不良灰水清洗，并损坏近岸的沉积物侵蚀，并损害生物多样性和渔业。对于这个快速的项目，PI试图调查和安装工具，以收集Lahaina野火之后的风暴径流和沉积物样品。通过迅速记录并传播了易腐烂和时间敏感的火灾后数据，这项研究使影响居民有了知识的影响，以做出有关其即时安全性和长期环境福祉的明智决定。这项快速的项目提案提出的迫切需求解决了在Lahaina West Maui，Hawai'i，Wast Maui，Hawai'i，野外火灾影响的需求。 2023年8月8日，毁灭性的野火是这座历史悠久的沿海城市的意外且前所未有的灾难，并提供了一个机会，可以在火山，钢铁和城市景观中调查火灾后径流动态，沉积和污染物的运输。该项目采用现场和实验室方法来收集有关水质，沉积物通量以及土壤和灰烬样品的数据。将收集离散的水样和浊度测量值，沿着Kahoma溪流，陆地土壤和灰烬样品将在整个更广阔的拉海纳地区收集。自动采样器将安装在Kahoma流中，以促进长期跟踪。使用自动采样器可以在多个风暴事件上收集连续样品，以表示燃烧景观的河流沉积物通量。通过社区参与，建立的科学渠道和网站门户网站传播的数据将增强我们对野火对沿海生态系统，珊瑚礁，生物多样性和渔业的影响。这项研究为灾难恢复能力的新兴环境科学做出了贡献。通过专注于罕见的城市野火，该野火靠近沿海地区，该项目提供了一种独特的镜头，可以通过该视角来了解野火，氢系统和生态反应之间的复杂相互作用。这项研究促进了我们对火后动态的基本知识，并促进了针对因气候变化而面临的类似沿海地区的预测模型和缓解策略的发展。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估该基金会的知识功能和广泛的影响来审查Criteria。