RAPID: Evaluation of post-wildfire effects on soil physical and chemical properties in response to the Caldor and Tamarack fires near Lake Tahoe

RAPID：评估野火后对太浩湖附近卡尔多和塔马拉克火灾对土壤物理和化学性质的影响

• 批准号: 2154013
• 负责人: Brad Sion
• 金额: $ 3.94万
• 依托单位: Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-11-01 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2154013&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Evaluation; post; wildfire; effects

Wildfire-induced changes to soil properties impact infiltration, runoff, and soil erodibility in fire-prone areas. Recent wildfires in the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains provide a unique opportunity to quantify fire effects on soil properties in natural field settings. These wildfires represent a new generation of large high-temperature canopy fires that are likely to increase in frequency in this region due to changing climate. Reduced infiltration and enhanced runoff after fire are directly related to changes in the structure and surface chemistry of the pore system within the soil. Fire effects on soil physical and chemical properties have been quantified mostly in the laboratory but not in natural field settings. This project will quantify the effect of two large wildfires (Caldor and Tamarack) on soil physical and chemical properties to better understand how fires affect hillslope hydrologic processes (infiltration, runoff, erosion), fire-related secondary risks such as flooding and debris flows, and forest management practices related to fire activity.This project will quantify post-fire changes to soil physical and chemical properties to better understand their impact on post-fire runoff, infiltration, and erosion in natural settings. Samples will be collected from burned and unburned locations both to measure soil hydraulic and thermal conductivity functions via controlled evaporation experiments and to identify functional groups in soil organic matter that influence soil hydrophobicity using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Additionally, infiltration and soil hydrophobicity will be measured in-situ using infiltrometer tests. Results will be presented to local stakeholders of fire-prone watersheds to guide forest management and improve the sustainability of water and ecosystem resources. Results will be transferable to watersheds in the Sierra Nevada with similar soil conditions. This project will provide research opportunities for an early career scientist, field training to a Ph.D. student, and hands-on experience for an undergraduate student.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

野火引起的土壤特性的变化会影响容易发生的地区的渗透，径流和土壤易怒。内华达山脉东部的最近野火为量化自然田间环境中土壤特性的影响提供了独特的机会。这些野火代表了新一代的大型高温冠层火灾，由于气候变化，该区域的频率可能会增加。火灾后的浸润减少和径流增强与土壤内孔系统的结构和表面化学变化直接相关。对土壤物理和化学特性的火灾影响主要在实验室中量化，但在自然野外设置中没有量化。该项目将量化两种大型野火（Caldor和Tamarack）对土壤物理和化学特性的影响，以更好地了解火灾如何影响山坡水文过程（浸润，径流，径流，侵蚀），与火灾相关的二级风险，洪水泛滥和杂物流动，以及对物质上的影响，以及对火灾活动的影响。自然环境中的径流，浸润和侵蚀。将从燃烧和未燃烧的位置收集样品，以通过受控的蒸发实验来测量土壤液压和热导率函数，并使用质子核磁共振光谱法在土壤有机物中识别影响土壤疏水性的官能团。另外，将使用浸润计试验测量浸润和土壤疏水性。结果将介绍给易于消防流域的当地利益相关者，以指导森林管理并改善水和生态系统资源的可持续性。结果将可以转移到内华达山脉的流域，其土壤条件相似。该项目将为早期职业科学家，博士学位的现场培训提供研究机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准来评估的，这是值得支持的。

项目成果

Assessment of the Effects of the 2021 Caldor Megafire on Soil Physical Properties, Eastern Sierra Nevada, USA

评估 2021 年卡尔多特大火灾对美国内华达山脉东部土壤物理性质的影响

• DOI: 10.3390/fire6020066
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Fire
• 作者: Sion, Brad;Samburova, Vera;Berli, Markus;Baish, Christopher;Bustarde, Janelle;Houseman, Sally
• 通讯作者: Houseman, Sally