Investigating Near-Surface Ocean Heating and Mixing Processes in the Presence of Surface Material

研究存在表面物质的近地表海洋加热和混合过程

• 批准号: 2049546
• 负责人: Christopher Zappa
• 金额: $ 36.03万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2049546&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigating; Near; Surface; Ocean; Heating

Solar radiation is the largest form of heating of the upper ocean and is unique to the air-sea flux balance due to its penetration beneath the ocean surface. It has been speculated that near-surface heating is enhanced in the presence of algal blooms and surface slicks but this has not been accounted for in current models. Although surface slicks are common in the world oceans, our knowledge of how these slicks impact ocean heating has been limited due to the lack of appropriate observational tools. By using ship-deployed high-endurance Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UASs), the investigators targeted large-scale slicks and covered 10s of km2 several times a day. The project is a quantum advance in utilizing UAS technology for science. This investigation will provide new insights into the distribution of heat in the upper ocean due to the presence of surface slicks. This project will improve models of the daily cycles of surface ocean heating, global biogeochemical cycles, and sea surface temperature. These results are in great demand within the regional modeling community of the South Pacific, Maritime Continent, and Indian Ocean. The project will foster the development of the next generation of scientists in Oceanography. The inverstigators will create teaching materials for their existing course at Columbia University. They will also work closely with K-12 teachers in the greater New York City area and with large numbers of students from underrepresented groups through the Earth2Class Workshops.This research project will analyze measurements made onboard the R/V Falkor in November-December 2019 in the Southwest Pacific near Fiji from a combination of novel tools. UASs were equipped with hyperspectral visible, and broadband thermal infrared cameras to study the albedo of sea surface biogenic slicks as well as the sea-surface skin temperature (SST). UASs and ship-based instrumentation measured air-sea heat/radiative fluxes and SST; an autonomous catamaran sampled sea-surface microlayer surfactants and the surface microlayer algae populations; drifters measured the near-surface response of the upper ocean temperature, salinity, ocean currents, and turbulence; spectro-radiometric profiles provided estimates of net radiant flux at depth; and shipboard infrared imaging measured the response of ocean surface SST important to upper-ocean heating. The results will further our understanding of the role cyanobacteria blooms and surface slicks play in physical air-sea interaction. The analyses will expand our knowledge of the upper-ocean mixed layer response to algal blooms and provide novel observations of near-surface ocean heat budget.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

太阳辐射是上海上加热的最大形式，由于其在海面下方的渗透而是空气通量平衡所特有的。 据推测，在存在藻华和表面光滑的情况下，近地表加热增强了，但在当前模型中尚未考虑这一点。尽管表面滑动在世界海洋中很常见，但由于缺乏适当的观察工具，我们对这些光滑如何影响海洋加热的知识受到限制。通过使用船只部署的高耐用空气驾驶汽车（UASS），调查人员每天几次将大规模滑动和覆盖10 km2覆盖10秒。 该项目是利用UAS技术进行科学的量子进步。这项研究将为由于表面光滑而对上海中热量的分布提供新的见解。该项目将改善表面海洋加热，全球生物地球化学周期和海面温度的每日周期的模型。这些结果在南太平洋，海洋大陆和印度洋的区域建模社区中需求很大。该项目将促进海洋学科学家的发展。 InverStigators将为他们在哥伦比亚大学的现有课程创建教材。他们还将与大纽约市地区的K-12教师紧密合作，并通过Earth2Class研讨会与来自代表性不足的团体的大量学生合作。这项研究项目将分析2019年11月至12月至12月在2019年11月至12月在Southwest Pacific在Fiji附近的R/V Falkor的测量结果。 UASS配备了高光谱可见的，宽带热红外摄像机可研究海面生物源性光滑的反照率以及海面皮肤温度（SST）。 UASS和基于船舶的仪器测量的空气热/辐射通量和SST；自主双体船采样海面的微层表面活性剂和表面微层藻类种群；漂流者测量了海洋温度，盐度，洋流和湍流的近表面响应。光谱 - 放射线学轮廓提供了深度净辐射通量的估计；船上红外成像测量了海面SST对上海面加热的响应。 结果将进一步理解蓝细菌花朵和表面上的光滑在物理空气相互作用中的作用。这些分析将扩大我们对藻类上海混合层反应的了解，并提供了近地表海热预算的新颖观察结果。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子来评估的支持，并具有更广泛的影响。

项目成果

Moored Turbulence Measurements using Pulse-Coherent Doppler Sonar

使用脉冲相干多普勒声纳进行系泊湍流测量

• DOI: 10.1175/jtech-d-21-0005.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Zippel, Seth F.;Farrar, J. Thomas;Zappa, Christopher J.;Miller, Una;Laurent, Louis St.;Ijichi, Takashi;Weller, Robert A.;McRaven, Leah;Nylund, Sven;Le Bel, Deborah
• 通讯作者: Le Bel, Deborah

Scaling of Moored Surface Ocean Turbulence Measurements in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

东南太平洋系泊表面海洋湍流测量的缩放

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc018901
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Miller, Una Kim;Zappa, Christopher J.;Zippel, Seth F.;Farrar, J. Thomas;Weller, Robert A.
• 通讯作者: Weller, Robert A.

The Response of Ocean Skin Temperature to Rain: Observations and Implications for Parameterization of Rain‐Induced Fluxes

海洋表层温度对降雨的响应：降雨诱发通量参数化的观测和启示

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc019146
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Witte, Carson R.;Zappa, Christopher J.;Edson, James B.
• 通讯作者: Edson, James B.