Oceanic Response to a Coastal Polynya, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica

南极洲特拉诺瓦湾沿海冰间湖的海洋反应

基本信息

批准号：
1341688
负责人：
Christopher Zappa
金额：
$ 89.85万
依托单位：
Columbia University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1341688&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Oceanic Response Coastal Polynya Terra

项目摘要

Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and sea-ice factories. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where direct atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations. This is especially so during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during autumn to winter transition and the polar night. The Western Ross Sea, downstream from two of the largest coastal Antarctic polynyas, happens to be a region where there continues to be net sea-ice production, as indicated by satellite measurements of areal extent, duration and concentration.Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of the Terra Nova Bay (TNB) polynya, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. This observational program will simultaneously identify mechanisms responsible for water mass modification within TNB and document aspects of dense shelf water formation within a large Antarctic polynya system. This study will characterize the water masses within a polyna over the course of an annual cycle using moorings yielding in-situ column and near-surface oceanic observation.

南极沿海多纳斯同时是无海冰的地点和海冰工厂。它们是开放水面的位置，在这里发生水量转化和致密化，并建立了与深海循环的直接大气交换。这些生产性和多样化的海洋生态系统的形成和持久性的各种模型受到相对缺乏原位气象和物理海洋学观察的影响。在秋天到冬季过渡和极地之夜的形成和活动的无园状条件下，尤其如此。西部的罗斯海是来自两个最大沿海南极多尼亚斯的下游，恰好是一个继续进行海冰净产量的区域，如卫星测量，持续时间和浓度的卫星测量所示。波利尼亚在生产潜热型海冰中的作用，以及通过海冰盐水排斥的地层，浓密的海底水域的作用。该观察计划将同时确定负责TNB内水质量修饰的机制，并记录大型南极Polynya系统中茂密的架子水形成的各个方面。这项研究将在年度循环中使用原位柱和近地表海洋观察的系泊层中的多纳中的水质量来表征。