Perspective-taking in Conversation

谈话中换位思考

• 批准号: 1921492
• 负责人: Sarah Brown-Schmidt
• 金额: $ 38.63万
• 依托单位: Vanderbilt University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1921492&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perspective; taking; Conversation

Current theories of language use assume that by sharing ideas in conversation, people develop shared knowledge. This assumption, however, is largely untested and there is good reason to think that it is wrong. The investigator's preliminary studies asked a basic question with fundamental implications: Do speakers and listeners each walk away from a conversation with the same idea about what was said? The answer is no. Speakers are much more likely to remember what was said than the person who was listening. The proposed work takes as a starting point these asymmetries in memory for conversations in order to generate novel predictions regarding the interplay between memory and language use in conversation. Anticipated findings will provide insight into when conversational partners are likely to have similar memories for what was said, and when their memories are likely to differ. The resulting discoveries could change basic recommendations for how to engage in a successful conversation, both in high stakes settings (business negotiations, dispute mediation, first dates), but also in day-to-day life. The findings may also guide expectations about what humans are likely to remember based on conversations with devices such as "Alexa," in turn providing insights for device design and human-technology interactions. Potential implications for pedagogy include recommendations for improving communication in teacher-student interactions and in group projects. This proposal develops and tests the predictions of a theoretical view of shared conversational knowledge that offers a radical departure from current views and makes competing predictions. A series of 10 experiments tests the hypothesis that following conversation, partners will retain predictably different memories of the conversation. As a result, despite their shared experience of conversing, partners will have a different perspective on what was said, influencing future decisions and interactions in predictable ways. The work will also provide insights into mechanisms of language processing in ecologically valid settings. Broader impacts include opportunities for graduate students, undergraduate students, and high school students to conduct independent research projects. Special efforts are made to recruit students from under-represented groups. All de-identified data generated by this research will be made publicly available on the internet. In sum, the work has the potential to advance understanding of psychological and linguistic processes, advance computer dialog systems, and offer insights into pedagogical research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当前的语言使用理论假设通过在对话中分享思想，人们就会发展共同的知识。但是，这种假设在很大程度上没有经过测试，并且有充分的理由认为这是错误的。研究者的初步研究提出了一个基本问题，具有根本的影响：演讲者和听众每个人都摆脱了对所说的相同想法的对话？答案是否定的。演讲者比听的人更有可能记住所说的话。提出的工作将这些不对称的对话中的这些不对称作为起点，以便为对话中记忆与语言使用之间的相互作用产生新颖的预测。预期的发现将为对话伙伴何时对所说的话有类似的回忆以及他们的记忆可能有所不同的洞察力。由此产生的发现可能会改变有关如何进行成功对话的基本建议，包括在高风险设置（业务谈判，争议调解，第一个日期），以及在日常生活中。这些发现还可以指导人们基于与“ Alexa”等设备的对话，对人类可能会记住的期望，从而为设备设计和人类技术相互作用提供了见解。对教学法的潜在影响包括改善教师互动和小组项目中沟通的建议。该提案开发并测试了共享对话知识的理论观点的预测，该观点与当前的观点彻底不同，并做出了竞争的预测。一系列10个实验检验了以下假设：随后的对话，合作伙伴将保留对话的不同记忆。结果，尽管他们共同进行了交谈经验，但合作伙伴将对所说的话有不同的看法，以可预测的方式影响未来的决策和互动。这项工作还将提供有关在生态有效设置中语言处理机制的见解。更广泛的影响包括研究生，本科生和高中生进行独立研究项目的机会。做出特别的努力，以招募代表性不足的群体的学生。这项研究生成的所有取消识别数据将在互联网上公开提供。总而言之，这项工作有可能提高人们对心理和语言过程，提高计算机对话系统的理解，并提供对教学研究的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估标准来通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Temporary ambiguity and memory for the context of spoken language

口语语境的暂时歧义和记忆

• DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02088-y
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Lord, Kaitlin;Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

Cognitive Implications of Engaging With “Fitspiration” Content on Social Media

参与社交媒体上的“Fitspiration”内容的认知影响

• DOI: 10.1525/collabra.37458
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Collabra: Psychology
• 作者: Zimmerman, Jordan;De Rezende, Angelica;Wright, Anna M.;Lord, Kaitlin M.;Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

Retrieval processes and audience design

检索流程和受众设计

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2020.104149
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of memory and language
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Ahn, S. Brown-Schmidt

Foodie: Think Before You Type on Instagram!

美食家：在 Instagram 上打字之前请三思！

• DOI: 10.3389/frym.2022.690411
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers for Young Minds
• 作者: Zimmerman, Jordan;Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
• 通讯作者: Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

MEMCONS: How Contemporaneous Note‐Taking Shapes Memory for Conversation

MEMCONS：同步笔记如何塑造对话记忆

• DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13271
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Cognitive Science
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Brown‐Schmidt, Sarah;Jaeger, Christopher B.;Evans, Melissa J.;Benjamin, Aaron S.
• 通讯作者: Benjamin, Aaron S.