Perspective-Taking in Conversation

对话中换位思考

• 批准号: 1257029
• 负责人: Sarah Brown-Schmidt
• 金额: $ 30.14万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1257029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perspective; Taking; Conversation

Face-to-face conversation plays a key role in children's language acquisition and adult communication, and in the evolution of languages over time. However, surprisingly little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that affect language use in conversation. One feature of conversation is that what we say and how we say it depends on our insights into the knowledge and beliefs of the people we talk to. Sometimes these insights are correct, sometimes they fail dramatically, and other times the insights are still unformed. This research project will explore how insights into others are formed, how these insights are used, and how they may fail. A series of experiments will use eye-tracking technology to study these processes on a moment-by-moment basis as they occur in natural conversation. The work draws from recent advances in psycholinguistics, developmental psychology, and social psychology.This project will provide insights into a poorly understood but core component of language, that is, appreciating the perspectives of others. It has potentially diverse implications, including improving education through perspective-taking in teacher-student dyads and in math education through the use of perspective-taking in reasoning about the geometry of multi-dimensional figures.

面对面的对话在儿童的语言获取和成人沟通以及随着时间的流逝的演变中起着关键作用。但是，关于影响对话中语言使用的认知机制知之甚少。对话的一个特征是，我们说的话以及我们如何说这取决于我们对与我们交谈的人的知识和信念的见解。有时这些见解是正确的，有时它们会剧烈失败，而其他时候，洞察力仍然没有成长。该研究项目将探讨如何形成对他人的见解，如何使用这些见解以及如何失败。 一系列的实验将使用令人眼前一亮的技术在自然对话中逐步研究这些过程。这项工作取决于心理语言学，发展心理学和社会心理学的最新进展。该项目将提供有关语言的知识渊博但核心组成部分的见解，也就是说，欣赏他人的观点。它具有潜在的各种含义，包括通过在师生中的观点和数学教育的观点来改善教育，通过使用透视图来推理多维数字的几何形状。