WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: Constraining the Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Astrophysics Through Multi-messenger and Multi-object Observations of Neutron Stars

WoU-MMA：合作研究：通过中子星的多信使和多目标观测来约束状态核方程和中子星天体物理

• 批准号: 1909534
• 负责人: Richard O'Shaughnessy
• 金额: $ 40.57万
• 依托单位: Rochester Institute of Tech
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1909534&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Collaborative; Research; Constraining

The revolutionary discovery and multi-messenger follow-up of the first known merging binary neutron star (GW170817) has demonstrated the unique opportunities that observations and analysis of such mergers can provide. A scientific collaboration between Rochester Institute of Technology and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, will develop the research infrastructure needed to exploit gravitational wave (GW) observations and electromagnetic observations in order to determine the nature of dense matter. The research team will develop a flexible procedure to self-consistently infer the nuclear equation of state (EOS) for neutron stars (NS), directly from multiple measurements of many NS, using GW measurements of mergers, X-ray observations of galactic NS, and light curves and spectra from the resulting kilonova explosion. An EOS is an equation, like the ideal gas law of physics, which describes the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions. Using the tools derived to understand the nuclear EOS, the investigators will determine if binary mergers are responsible for the observed r-process elemental abundances. The rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) is a set of nuclear reactions by which many of the atomic elements heavier than iron are produced in astrophysical settings. The project will include the training of young researchers as the first generation of truly multi-messenger astrophysicists, and the principal investigators will create new course materials for introductory general relativity, to educate the next generation of scientists in results from GW astronomy. The research program has two major goals: to constrain the nature of dense nuclear matter and to determine whether NS mergers alone explain the abundances of r-process elements. The research team will create new high-precision surrogate models for kilonova light curves and spectra, calibrated to detailed radiative-transfer calculations. To draw inferences with data from multiple messengers and multiple objects, where each data source is connected to the EOS in a different way, the researchers will create a unified Bayesian inference engine, called Concordance. This inference engine will constrain dense nuclear matter and the composition of the neutron star core. It will also infer the NS merger rate, ejecta mass, and ejecta composition, which will allow the scientists to predict the element-by-element r-process abundances in the present-day local universe due to the observed population of binary NS mergers. They will compare their prediction to observations; determine whether and what kind of missing population (like black hole (BH)-NS) would be required to reconcile observations with element abundances; and see whether that missing population is consistent with formation scenarios and observational constraints. This project advances the goals of the NSF Windows on the Universe Big Idea.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

革命性的发现和多理智的随访对第一个已知合并的二进制中子星（GW170817）证明了观察和分析此类合并可以提供的独特机会。 罗切斯特理工学院与田纳西大学诺克斯维尔大学之间的科学合作将开发利用引力波（GW）观察和电磁观测所需的研究基础设施，以确定密集物质的性质。 研究团队将使用许多NS的多个测量值，使用合并的GW测量值，银河NS的X射线观察，以及最终的Kilonova爆炸的光曲线和光谱，从许多NS的多个测量中，从许多NS的多个测量中，开发一个灵活的程序，以自感来推断中子星（EOS）的核方程（EOS）（EOS）。 EOS是一个方程，例如理想的物理学定律，它在给定的一组物理条件下描述了物质的状态。 使用得出的工具来了解核EOS，研究人员将确定二进制合并是否负责观察到的R-Process元素丰度。 快速中子捕获过程（R-Process）是一组核反应，许多原子元素在天体物理环境中都产生了比铁更重的原子元素。 该项目将包括对年轻研究人员的培训，成为第一代真正的多门纪生天体物理学家，主要研究人员将创建新的课程材料，以教育下一代科学家GW天文学的结果。 该研究计划有两个主要目标：限制密集核问题的性质，并确定单独合并是否仅解释了R-Process元素的丰富性。 研究团队将为Kilonova光曲线和光谱创建新的高精度替代模型，并校准详细的辐射转移计算。为了通过来自多个Messenger和多个对象的数据来绘制推论，其中每个数据源以不同的方式连接到EOS，研究人员将创建一个统一的贝叶斯推理引擎，称为Coostance。 该推断引擎将限制密集的核物质和中子星核的组成。它还将推断出NS合并速率，弹射质量和弹出率组成，这将使科学家能够预测由于观察到的二进制NS合并的群体，因此当今本地宇宙中逐元素的R-process丰度。他们将将自己的预测与观察进行比较；确定是否需要哪种丢失的人口（例如黑洞（BH）-NS）与元素丰度调和观察结果；看看缺失的人口是否与形成场景和观察性约束一致。 该项目促进了NSF Windows在宇宙大想法上的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Black hole, neutron star, and white dwarf merger rates in AGN discs

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2681
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: B. McKernan;K. Ford;R. O’Shaughnessy

A Nuclear Equation of State Inferred from Stellar r-process Abundances

从恒星 r 过程丰度推断的核态方程

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac490e
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Holmbeck, Erika M.;O’Shaughnessy, Richard;Delfavero, Vera;Belczynski, Krzysztof
• 通讯作者: Belczynski, Krzysztof

A Broad Grid of 2D Kilonova Emission Models

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac0d03
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: R. Wollaeger;Chris L. Fryer;E. Chase;C. Fontes;M. Ristić;A. Hungerford;O. Korobkin;R. O’Shaughnessy;A. Herring

HARM3D+NUC: A New Method for Simulating the Post-merger Phase of Binary Neutron Star Mergers with GRMHD, Tabulated EOS, and Neutrino Leakage

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1119
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Murguia-Berthier;S. Noble;L. Roberts;E. Ramirez-Ruiz;Leonardo R. Werneck;Michael Kolacki;Z. Etienne

Interpolating detailed simulations of kilonovae: Adaptive learning and parameter inference applications

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.4.013046
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Physical Review Research
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: M. Ristić;E. Champion;R. O’Shaughnessy;R. Wollaeger;O. Korobkin;E. Chase;Chris L. Fryer;A. Hungerford