Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: The Development of Modern Commercialism

博士论文改进奖：现代商业主义的发展

• 批准号: 2229046
• 负责人: Marc Bermann
• 金额: $ 0.74万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2229046&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Development

This doctoral dissertation project investigates the ways in which expanding markets and the commodification of labor and resources transform local, self-sufficient economies and societies. Commodification is at the core of the modern global economy and was a key development in the formation of market economies in the past. It has long been recognized that European colonialism unleashed commodification worldwide accompanied by new productive agendas, market-based consumer patterns, and even ecological rearrangements via species introductions, depletions, and extinctions. Colonial conquest brought commodification and mercantilism to many parts of the world as part of spreading the first global economy, but did this process build on prior forms of commodification and specialization? How did local populations for example engage with the overarching Spanish market order, and conversely, how were market mentalities and practices shaped by native economic arrangements? How were new hybrid productive structures and practices born in colonial settings as market logics met native patterns? These questions remain important subjects of investigation to better understand globalization dynamics, past and the present. Using an archaeological perspective this research examines how indigenous economic practices, largely based on self-sufficiency, reciprocity and redistribution, confronted a mercantile praxis based on the commodification of labor and natural resources. The doctoral student examines an indigenous maritime hunter-gatherer community as this place was transformed into an important early colonial port. Diverse archeological and archival lines of evidence on community composition, occupation specialization, production and consumption (from diet and personal possessions to fishing gear and impact on fishing stocks) are integrated to track changes in socioeconomic life and habitat of residents (both indigenous and colonial) from the prehispanic through early colonial periods. A well preserved archaeological setting provides an unparalleled opportunity to radiocarbon date at the fine scale important changes in these lines of evidence, generating critical information on the timing and sequences of change relating to commodification and market practices. Such a study provides a vivid picture of an understudied settlement type - - the early colonial port - - as a revealing, diverse workforce community, and provides an archaeological case study at the dawn of commodification processes. This knowledge furthers comparative understanding of the dynamics of initial commercial nodes and the hybrid nature of the early colonial markets generally. In addition, the close study of habitat change (marine and terrestrial) by the research team advances environmental archaeology on the topics of Anthropocene habitat change and overfishing. Collaboration with local institutions offer students research materials and training opportunities in archaeology and biochemistry.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该博士论文项目研究了不断扩大的市场以及劳动力和资源的商品化如何改变当地自给自足的经济和社会。商品化是现代全球经济的核心，也是过去市场经济形成的关键发展。 人们早已认识到，欧洲殖民主义在世界范围内引发了商品化，伴随着新的生产议程、基于市场的消费模式，甚至通过物种引入、消耗和灭绝而进行的生态重新安排。作为传播第一个全球经济的一部分，殖民征服给世界许多地方带来了商品化和重商主义，但这个过程是否建立在先前形式的商品化和专业化的基础上？ 例如，当地居民如何参与西班牙总体市场秩序，反过来，当地经济安排如何塑造市场心态和实践？当市场逻辑与本土模式相遇时，新的混合生产结构和实践是如何在殖民环境中诞生的？ 这些问题仍然是重要的研究课题，以便更好地了解过去和现在的全球化动态。 本研究从考古学的角度探讨了主要基于自给自足、互惠和再分配的本土经济实践如何面对基于劳动力和自然资源商品化的商业实践。这位博士生研究了一个土著海上狩猎采集社区，因为这个地方被改造成一个重要的早期殖民港口。整合有关社区组成、职业专业化、生产和消费（从饮食和个人财产到渔具和对渔业资源的影响）的各种考古和档案证据，以跟踪居民（土著和殖民地）社会经济生活和栖息地的变化从前西班牙时期到早期殖民时期。 保存完好的考古环境为对这些证据中的重要变化进行精细尺度的放射性碳测年提供了无与伦比的机会，从而生成有关与商品化和市场实践相关的变化的时间和顺序的关键信息。这样的研究生动地描绘了一种未被研究的定居点类型——早期殖民港口——作为一个具有启发意义的、多样化的劳动力社区，并提供了商品化进程初期的考古案例研究。 这些知识进一步加深了对初始商业节点动态和早期殖民市场总体混合性质的比较理解。 此外，研究小组对栖息地变化（海洋和陆地）的密切研究推进了人类世栖息地变化和过度捕捞等主题的环境考古学。 与当地机构的合作为学生提供考古学和生物化学方面的研究材料和培训机会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。