Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Particle Astrophysics with the Hyper-Kamiokande Detector

合作研究：WoU-MMA：使用 Hyper-Kamiokande 探测器进行粒子天体物理学

• 批准号: 2309965
• 负责人: John Learned
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2309965&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; WoU; MMA; Particle

Hyper-Kamiokande is a particle physics detector that is constructed 600m underground in the Kamioka mine In Hida City, Japan. The detector consists of a 68m diameter and 71m high water tank surrounded by 20,000 50cm diameter photo-sensors which detect the light emissions of particles traversing the water. Its primary purpose is to study neutrinos, elementary particles without electric charge that interact only weakly with detector materials, thus requiring a large detector mass. Hyper-Kamiokande’s mass of 260,000 metric tons makes it the largest detector of this type that has been built so far: the target mass available for neutrino measurement of Hyper-Kamiokande will be more than ten times the equivalent mass of Super-Kamiokande, its predecessor. Hyper-Kamiokande will observe neutrinos in a wide energy range from a variety of natural and man-made sources such as astrophysical neutrinos (e.g. from the sun or stellar explosions known as supernovae), atmospheric neutrinos, and in addition, neutrinos from a beam produced by a particle accelerator at a distance of 295km. Neutrinos are ideal messengers to understand astrophysical phenomena as they are not influenced by electromagnetic forces. Hyper-Kamiokande will therefore serve as an astrophysical neutrino observatory, but it will also study the nature of the neutrino particle itself and will search for the extremely rare decays of protons (or neutrons). This project is to focus upon the astrophysical neutrinos including those of lower energy that may result in new discoveries. A large set of activities included within the participating universities focusing on students in K-12 and at the undergraduate level will provide these students with the opportunity to engage in a world class experiment involving a broad international collaboration.To realize the astrophysical potential of Hyper-Kamiokande, the project will focus on work to optimize triggering, calibration and reconstruction of neutrino interactions, in particular at the lowest detectable energies. Hyper-Kamiokande will measure neutrino oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, and other cosmic neutrinos. These measurements are in addition to accelerator beam measurements. The motivation for also pursuing these “natural” cosmic neutrinos remains strong, as they will significantly contribute to the determination of the “mass ordering” of neutrinos and support and complement CP-violation searches and other beam-related neutrino measurements. Given enough running time, the detection of a neutrino burst from a core-collapse galactic supernova is assured. Such a burst will consist of tens of thousands of neutrino interactions within about ten seconds. Not only will the neutrino energy spectra, time distribution, and flavor composition directly give access to the explosion mechanism and other astrophysical data, but will also explore neutrino properties that cannot be studied any other way: in particular, neutrino-neutrino interactions may play a role. This will test the standard model of particle interactions in regimes otherwise inaccessible. Hyper-Kamiokande promises to give cosmic insights substantially advanced from our current understanding.The award is aligned with the NSF Big Idea of Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-messenger Astrophysics as it coordinates the use of multi-messengers observations utilizing cosmic neutrinos and providing alerts to the larger community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Hyper-Kamiokande是一种粒子物理探测器，在日本希达市的Kamioka矿山地下建造了600m。该探测器由直径为68m和71m高的水箱组成，周围有20,000厘米直径的光传感器，可检测横穿水的颗粒的光发射。它的主要目的是研究神经元，没有电荷的基本颗粒，这些颗粒仅与检测器材料相互作用，从而需要大量的检测器质量。 Hyper-Kamiokande的质量为260,000公吨，使其成为迄今为止已建造的这种类型的最大探测器：可用于神经元测量Hyper-Kamiokande的目标质量是其前辈的超级Kamiokande的十倍以上。 Hyper-Kamiokande将观察到广泛能量范围的神经元，从各种天然和人为来源，例如天体物理神经元（例如，来自太阳或恒星爆炸称为超新星的恒星爆炸），大气神经元，以及另外的神经元，以及由粒子促进剂在295km的距离处产生的光束。中微子是理解天体物理现象的理想使者，因为它们不受电磁力的影响。因此，Hyper-Kamiokande将作为天体物理神经元观察，但它也将研究神经元颗粒本身的性质，并将寻找极为罕见的质子（或神经元）的衰变。该项目是关注天体物理神经元，包括可能导致新发现的较低能量的神经元。 A large set of activities included within the participating universities focusing on students in K-12 and at the undergraduate level will provide these students with the opportunity to engage in a world class experiment involved a broad international collaboration.To realize the astrophysical potential of Hyper-Kamiokande, the Project will focus on work to optimize triggering, calibration and reconstruction of neuronal interactions, in particular at the lowest detectable energies. Hyper-Kamiokande将测量大气神经元，太阳神经元和其他宇宙神经元的神经元振荡。这些测量值是加速器束测量。 The motivation for also pursuing these “natural” cosmic neurons remain strong, as they will significantly contribute to the determination of the “mass” ordering” of neurons and support and complement CP-violation searches and other beam-related neuron measurements. Given enough running time, the detection of a neuron burst from a core-collapse galactic supernova is assumed. Such a burst will consist of tens of thousands of neuron interactions within大约十秒钟。从我们目前的理解中取得了基本的影响，该奖项与NSF的宇宙中的大概念一致：多门机的时代，因为它可以协调使用宇宙神经元的多门传播者观察，并利用较大的社区提供了对NSF的知名度和众多奖励，以表达NSF的众多措施。 标准。