Collaborative Research: Regional hydrologic and vegetation changes over the last 150 kyr in the Searles and Death Valley basins

合作研究：塞尔斯和死亡谷盆地过去 150 公里的区域水文和植被变化

• 批准号: 1903544
• 负责人: William McGee
• 金额: $ 21.99万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903544&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Regional; hydrologic; vegetation

The southwestern U.S. is currently experiencing profound water stress and is predicted to face declining water availability in the coming century. Past variations in the abundance of water in this region can be documented from study of ancient lake basins there. This project will produce a reconstruction of water availability, vegetation, and moisture sources in the Searles and Death Valley basins of the southwestern U.S. spanning the last 150,000 years. The researchers will use shoreline deposits from each basin to constrain ancient lake levels. Sediment core records from the centers of each basin will provide paleoclimate information that spans both wet and dry periods. Plant wax preserved in the cores will provide insight into past vegetation changes that reflect variations in moisture sources. Radiometric dating of sediments will give precise ages of environmental changes in the ancient lakes. Lake shoreline ages will be used to interpret past lake volumes in the Searles and Death Valley basins. Collectively, this information will be used to model past river flow and water budgets. This work will also lay the foundation for future development of a continuous 3.2 million-year sediment record from the Searles basin, including past warm periods. This project will train graduate and undergraduate students at 5 institutions. Binghamton University participants will lead field tours to visitors to Death Valley National Park through a partnership with the Death Valley Natural History Association. Outreach at the University of Southern California will involve collaboration with the La Brea Tar Pits Museum and will focus on teaching 4th grade visitors how Pleistocene lakes relate to the museum fossil fauna of the same age. The MIT group will incorporate project findings into climate-themed outreach at the Cambridge Science Festival, Girls' Day at the MIT Museum, and at the New England Aquarium. Researchers from SUNY College at Oswego and Keystone College will incorporate research outcomes into paleoclimate and sustainability courses that reach hundreds of students per year.The southwestern U.S. is a water-stressed region that is projected to experience declining water availability over the coming century. Model projections show substantial disagreement in the regional circulation responses to projected emissions scenarios, with divergent predictions of the magnitude and spatial fingerprint of future drying. Lake records have the potential to offer detailed reconstructions of the hydrological, atmospheric, and vegetation responses to a wide range of forcings and to provide future opportunities to benchmark model performance. Lake records from the Searles and Death Valley basins in southern California show dramatic lake level and vegetation changes over the last 150 kyr, reflecting in part large changes in river flow from the societally-important Owens River system. These records require new analyses to improve imprecise chronologies and refine lake level reconstructions and correlations from these neighboring basins. This project is a multi-faceted reconstruction of past hydrologic and vegetation changes spanning the last 150 kyr in the Searles and Death Valley basins. The researchers will use tufa and other nearshore deposits to constrain lake levels in both basins, and existing and new measurements from a recently collected core, SLAPP-SRLS17 from Searles basin, and core DV93-1, Death Valley, to provide continuous multi-proxy records. Sedimentary structures and textures, evaporite mineralogy and facies, siliciclastic grain size changes, and rock magnetic variations in cores will be used with shoreline constraints to model past hydrologic and lake chemistry changes in Searles basin, providing quantitative constraints on past river inflows and precipitation-evaporation balance. Plant wax delta13C and pollen will provide insight into past vegetation changes, and plant wax deltaD will be used to track changes in moisture source and water vapor history. In both basins, U/Th dating will be used to provide precise age models, with support from 14C and paleomagnetic measurements in Searles Lake deposits. Paleointensity variability and evidence for magnetic field excursions will provide an independent method for dating the SLAPP-SRLS17 core. Together, the two basins will provide replicated, well-dated hydrological and vegetation records using independent approaches to test interpretations of the cave oxygen isotope records from nearby Devils Hole and Leviathan Caves to the northeast. These records will provide a quantitative estimate of the volumetric changes in water storage and the magnitude of precipitation isotopic shifts to better determine atmospheric circulation changes and the resulting hydrologic implications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国西南部目前正在遇到严重的水压力，预计在未来世纪将面临供水下降。可以从那里的古湖盆地的研究记录到该地区丰富的水的过去变化。该项目将在过去150，000年的美国西南部的西尔斯和死亡山谷盆地中重建水的可用性，植被和死亡谷盆地。研究人员将使用每个盆地的海岸线沉积物来限制古老的湖泊水平。来自每个盆地中心的沉积物核心记录将提供跨越湿和干时的古气候信息。 保存在核心中的植物蜡将为过去的植被变化提供洞察力，这些变化反映了水分来源的变化。沉积物的辐射测定将使古代湖泊的环境变化精确。海岸线的年龄将用于解释西尔斯和死亡谷盆地中过去的湖泊量。总的来说，这些信息将用于对过去的河流和水预算进行建模。这项工作还将为从西尔斯盆地（包括过去的温暖时期）创造320万年的沉积物记录的未来发展奠定基础。 该项目将在5个机构的毕业生和本科生培训。宾厄姆顿大学的参与者将通过与死亡谷自然历史协会的合作伙伴关系来带领访客到死亡谷国家公园。南加州大学的外展活动将涉及与La Brea tar坑博物馆的合作，并将专注于教授四年级游客，更新世湖与同一时代的化石Fauna如何相关。麻省理工学院小组将在剑桥科学节，麻省理工学院博物馆的女子节和新英格兰水族馆中将项目调查结果纳入以气候为主题的外展中。来自奥斯威戈纽约大学和基斯通学院的SUNY学院的研究人员将将研究成果纳入每年数百名学生的古气候和可持续性课程中。模型预测显示了对预计排放情况的区域循环响应的实质性分歧，并对未来干燥的大小和空间指纹进行了不同的预测。 Lake Records有可能提供对各种强迫范围的水文，大气和植被反应的详细重建，并提供未来的机会来基准模型性能。来自南加州的西尔斯和死亡谷盆地的湖泊记录显示了最后150 ky的湖泊水平急剧，植被变化，部分反映了河流流动的大量变化，从社会上最重要的欧文斯河系统发生了变化。这些记录需要进行新的分析，以改善这些相邻盆地的湖泊水平重建和相关性的完善时间。该项目是过去的水文和植被变化的多面重建，跨越了西尔斯和死亡谷盆地的最后150 kyr。研究人员将使用TUFA和其他近岸沉积物来限制盆地的湖泊水平，以及最近收集的核心，SLAPP-SRLS17的现有和新测量，来自Searles Basin和Core DV93-1，Death Valley，以提供连续的多人记录。沉积结构和纹理，蒸发矿物矿物学和相，硅质碎屑晶粒尺寸的变化以及岩心的岩石磁变化将与海岸线约束一起使用，以模拟过去的水文和湖泊化学的变化，从而在过去的河流流动和降水率 - 散发蒸发率平衡上提供了定量的约束。植物蜡delta13c和花粉将为过去的植被变化提供洞察力，植物蜡deltad将用于跟踪水分源和水蒸气历史的变化。在这两个盆地中，U/Th的年度都将用于提供精确的年龄模型，并在Searles Lake沉积物中的14C和古磁测量中得到支持。磁场偏移的古显着性变异性和证据将为SLAPP-SRLS17核心的日期提供独立的方法。这两个盆地将共同使用独立的方法来测试附近魔鬼洞和东北利维坦洞穴的洞穴氧同位素记录的解释。这些记录将对水存储的体积变化以及沉淀同位素转移的大小进行定量估计，以更好地确定大气循环的变化和产生的水文含义。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来评估的支持。

项目成果

A computer vision algorithm for interpreting lacustrine carbonate textures at Searles Valley, USA

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2022.105142
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Comput. Geosci.
• 作者: M. Fendrock;Christine Chen;K. Olson;T. Lowenstein;D. McGee

A >200 ka U‐Th Based Chronology From Lacustrine Evaporites, Searles Lake, CA

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gc010685
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Geochemistry
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: J. Stroup;K. Olson;T. Lowenstein;A. Jost;Hayley M. Mosher;M. Peaple;S. Feakins;Christine Chen;S. Lund;D. McGee

Application of Brillouin thermometry to latest Pleistocene and Holocene halite from Searles Lake, California, USA

布里渊测温法在美国加利福尼亚州塞尔斯湖最新更新世和全新世石盐中的应用

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117913
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Olson, Kristian J.;Guillerm, Emmanuel;Peaple, Mark D.;Lowenstein, Tim K.;Gardien, Véronique;Caupin, Frédéric;Feakins, Sarah J.;Tierney, Jessica E.;Stroup, Justin;Lund, Steve
• 通讯作者: Lund, Steve

Searles Lake evaporite sequences: Indicators of late Pleistocene/Holocene lake temperatures, brine evolution, and p CO2

塞尔斯湖蒸发岩序列：晚更新世/全新世湖温、盐水演化和二氧化碳分压的指标

• DOI: 10.1130/b35857.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: GSA Bulletin
• 作者: Olson, Kristian J.;Lowenstein, Tim K.
• 通讯作者: Lowenstein, Tim K.

Biomarker and Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Pluvials in the Mojave Desert

• DOI: 10.1029/2022pa004471
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: M. Peaple;Tripti Bhattacharya;T. Lowenstein;D. McGee;K. Olson;J. Stroup;J. Tierney;S. Feakins