Collaborative Research: Understanding the impacts of an ongoing megadrought: Synthesizing the role of soil moisture in driving ecosystem fluxes from site to regional scales

合作研究：了解正在进行的特大干旱的影响：综合土壤湿度在驱动生态系统通量从场地到区域尺度方面的作用

• 批准号: 2331163
• 负责人: Mallory Barnes
• 金额: $ 27.08万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2331163&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; impacts; ongoing

Drylands in the American West are currently in the grips of a 23-year long ‘megadrought’, constituting the driest period of the last 1,200 years. This megadrought is an ongoing climate crisis that is severely impacting natural ecosystems, managed forests, agricultural systems, and human water resources. Despite such serious consequences, our understanding of the megadrought is quite limited. Specifically, the research community lacks a comprehensive understanding of how the megadrought has impacted soil moisture, particularly the deeper moisture pools that are critical for vegetation health. There is also a limited understanding of how carbon and water cycling have changed over the last 23 years; an important indicator of ecosystem function that mediates global climate feedbacks. This research enhances our ecological understanding of how drylands have been impacted by the megadrought, which sets the stage for a more predictive understanding of future climate change impacts. This knowledge is transferable to other dryland and non-dryland biomes, as such megadroughts are projected to increase in frequency and severity globally in the coming decades. To accomplish these aims, the research combines hundreds of long-running soil moisture depth profiles with remotely-sensed estimates of shallow soil moisture, deep water availability, and groundwater. These data allow us to assess the impacts of the megadrought on plant-available water, and serve as a crucial validation of these remotely-sensed products for drought monitoring. Data from 21 eddy covariance towers are paired with a new gridded dataset of empirically-modeled ecosystem fluxes to uncover the drivers of dryland ecosystem function, and quantify the impact of the megadrought on carbon-water fluxes at high spatial and temporal resolutions. By synthesizing these data sources their unique strengths are leveraged; addressing detailed mechanistic questions with in situ data, and examining broad trends in carbon-water cycling using modeled and remotely-sensed data. This project is jointly funded by Ecosystem Science and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国西部地区的旱地目前处于23年的“大型巨型”中，构成了过去1200年中最干燥的时期。这种大型摩根大通是一种持续的气候危机，严重影响了自然生态系统，托管森林，农业系统和人力资源。尽管有如此严重的后果，但我们对大型群岛的理解仍然非常有限。具体而言，研究界缺乏对大型摩根大草原如何影响土壤水分的全面了解，尤其是对植被健康至关重要的更深的水分池。人们对过去23年中碳和水循环的变化也有限。介导全球气候反馈的生态系统功能的重要指标。这项研究增强了我们对旱地如何受到大型摩根大草原影响的生态学理解，这为对未来气候变化的影响有了更深入的理解奠定了基础。这些知识被转移到其他旱地和非冰河生物群落中，因为在未来几十年中，全球范围内的大型群落预计将增加频率和严重性。为了实现这些目标，该研究将数百种长期的土壤水分深度剖面与浅层土壤水分，深水可用性和地下水的远程估计。这些数据使我们能够评估巨型岩对植物可用水的影响，并作为对这些远程敏感产品进行干旱监测的至关重要的验证。来自21个Eddy协方差塔的数据与经验模型的生态系统通量的新接地数据集配对，以揭示旱地生态系统功能的驱动因素，并量化大型汇率对高空间和临时分辨率下碳水磁通的影响。通过综合这些数据来源，它们的独特优势得到了利用；通过原位数据解决详细的机械问题，并使用建模和远程感知的数据来检查碳水循环的广泛趋势。该项目由生态系统科学和启发竞争性研究的既定计划共同资助。本奖反映了NSF的法定使命，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估被认为是宝贵的支持。