CAREER: Mathematical Modeling, Physical Experiments, and Biological Data for Understanding Flow Interactions in Collective Locomotion

职业：通过数学建模、物理实验和生物数据来理解集体运动中的流相互作用

• 批准号: 1847955
• 负责人: Leif Ristroph
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1847955&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Mathematical; Modeling; Physical; Experiments; CAREER; Mathematical; Modeling; Physical; Experiments

This project aims to understand how animals moving together, such as fish schools and bird flocks, make use of the flows of water or air generated during swimming or flying to achieve benefits as a group that are not possible as individuals. These benefits occur through interactions of each individual with the flows produced by others and may take the form of energy savings or speed enhancement. Also to be explored are more subtle aspects of flow interactions such as maintaining or holding together a group, preventing collisions, establishing natural formations or patterns of individuals, and communication through motions that spread across the group. The research work will combine mathematical descriptions of the motions of individuals and the surrounding fluid (water or air), laboratory experiments on "robotic flocks" of motorized swimmers or flyers, and the analysis of video footage of birds flying in formations. The different approaches will allow for a complete understanding of the fluid-dynamical interactions in a group as well as insights into how animals exploit or modify such mechanisms. The work thus stands to clarify the role of flows in animal groups and in so doing also suggest how such effects can be exploited in applications such as flow energy harvesting and efficient propulsion. Additionally, education and outreach programs will train high school students, university undergraduate and graduate students in STEM research and especially the important role of mathematics in the natural and engineering sciences.Specifically, physical experiments on mechanical swimmers, flow-locomotor interaction models and simulations, and crowd-sourced biological data will be combined interactively and applied towards understanding formation swimming and flying. Research will start with the detailed interrogation of few-body systems in order to cross-validate all approaches and to understand fundamental mechanisms. Experiments and simulations will inform models based on vortex-body interactions, and comparison against biological measurements will inform behavioral models in the context of formation flight of birds. Many-body systems of in-line arrays will then be studied, with all methods used to understand principles, for example through analogies to conventional states of matter, in which aspects such as group cohesion, crystallization or other patterning, dynamical instabilities, and information transfer will be explored. Biologically-relevant issues including self-organization and collective advantages will also be studied, and structural and dynamical metrics will be established and tested. The educational effort will include a graduate course on the constructive interaction of experiment with math modeling and a summer research camp that will engage underprivileged NYC high school students in STEM research. Students at all levels will be recruited from courses to become directly involved in research, and the wider public will be engaged as citizen-scientists through crowd-sourcing campaigns.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在了解动物如何一起移动，例如鱼类学校和鸟类羊群，利用游泳或飞行过程中产生的水或空气的流动，以实现作为个人不可能的福利。这些好处是通过每个人与他人产生的流量的相互作用而发生的，并可能采取节能或增强速度的形式。还需要探讨流动相互作用的更微妙的方面，例如维持或团结一个群体，防止碰撞，建立个人的自然形成或模式以及通过分布在整个小组中的动作进行交流。研究工作将结合个人与周围流体（水或空气）运动的数学描述，对电动游泳者或传单的“机器人羊群”进行的实验实验，以及对地层飞行的鸟类录像的分析。不同的方法将使一组中的流体动力相互作用以及对动物如何利用或修改这种机制的见解有完整的了解。因此，这项工作旨在阐明流动在动物群中的作用，因此在这样做中也表明，如何在流动能量收集和有效推进等应用中利用这种影响。此外，教育和宣传计划将培训高中生，大学本科和研究生在STEM研究中，尤其是数学在自然和工程科学中的重要作用。具体而言，有关机械游泳者，流量 - 洛克马托相互作用模型和模拟，众群体数据的物理实验，互动和互动并应用了互动和跨越形式的游泳，并将其结合起来。研究将从对几体系统的详细询问开始，以跨越验证所有方法并了解基本机制。实验和模拟将根据涡流相互作用为模型提供信息，与生物测量的比较将在鸟类形成飞行的背景下为行为模型提供信息。然后将研究所有用于理解原理的方法，例如通过与传统物质状态进行类比，在线内部阵列的多体系统，其中诸如组凝聚力，结晶或其他模式，动力学的不稳定性和信息传输等方面。还将研究包括自我组织和集体优势在内的生物学问题，并将建立和测试结构和动力学指标。教育工作将包括有关数学建模实验的建设性互动的研究生课程和一个夏季研究营，该训练营将吸引贫困的纽约高中生进行STEM研究。各个级别的学生将从课程中招募，以直接参与研究，并且通过众包运动将成为公民科学家的广大公众。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估来获得支持的。