GOALI: Collaborative research: Biochar-catalyzed microbial reductive degradation of emerging organohalides

目标：合作研究：生物炭催化微生物还原降解新兴有机卤化物

• 批准号: 1804209
• 负责人: Yu Yang
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2022-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1804209&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Collaborative; research; Biochar; catalyzed; GOALI; Collaborative; research; Biochar; catalyzed

Organohalides are common environmental contaminants designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants due to their toxicity and prevalence in the environment. Cleaning up organohalide pollution is thus important for the protection of human health. Biochars (materials generated from high-temperature decomposition of organic matter) have unique surface properties that has led to interest in using them to clean up environmental contaminants. However, relatively little is known about the ability of biochar to stimulate the biological degradation of organohalides. In this project, researchers from three Universities will investigate how biochar can help enhance the cleanup of toxic organohalides in wastewater. The findings of the project will be tested and applied under real-world conditions through collaboration with wastewater treatment facilities. If successful, this research has the potential to create an inexpensive and effective treatment technology for the most important class of pollutants in the U.S.This research will test the hypothesis that biochar can catalyze the microbial dehalogenation of emerging organohalides through accelerated extracellular electron transport. In this project, the team will: (1) quantify the biochar-catalyzed microbial degradation of organohalides and their degradation products by two pure cultures of known model bacteria; (2) study the effects of nano-sized biochar, lowest-valent biochar, and nano-sized lowest-valent biochar on biotic and abiotic dehalogenation; (3) analyze the degradation of organohalides by a natural microbial community in the presence of biochar and study this potential application for advanced wastewater treatment. This project will provide timely information for the biochar-catalyzed microbial degradation of emerging organohalides. Lowest-valent biochar and nano-sized lowest-valent biochar, as novel analogs to zero-valent iron and nano zero-valent iron, will be produced and studied for their role in the degradation of organohalides. The intellectual merit is derived from the novel understanding of the role biochar properties play in catalyzing the microbial reductive dehalogenation of organohalides. The project has the potential to create a cost-effective strategy for the treatment of organohalide-contaminated waters in the U.S. and other countries. By working with UNR's Dean's Future Scholars program and The North Star STEM Alliance program at the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, the investigators will offer summer research internships for first-generation college-bound middle school students and underrepresented graduates in STEM fields to enhance awareness and knowledge of modern water quality problems and technological solutions. Research results will also be integrated into current undergraduate and graduate courses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

有机盐是美国环境保护局指定为优先污染物的常见环境污染物，因为它们在环境中的毒性和患病率。因此，清理有机甲酯污染对于保护人类健康非常重要。生物塑料（由有机物的高温分解产生的材料）具有独特的表面特性，这引起了使用它们清理环境污染物的兴趣。然而，关于生物炭刺激有机甲化物的生物学降解的能力的知之甚少。在这个项目中，来自三所大学的研究人员将研究生物炭如何帮助增强废水中有毒的有机体的清理。该项目的发现将通过与废水处理设施的合作在现实情况下进行测试和应用。如果成功的话，这项研究有可能为美国研究中最重要的污染物制定廉价有效的治疗技术，将检验以下假设：生物炭可以通过加速细胞外电子运输来催化新兴有机盐的微生物除盐。在该项目中，团队将：（1）通过两种已知模型细菌的纯培养物来量化有机甲藻及其降解产物的生物炭催化的微生物降解； （2）研究纳米尺寸的生物炭，最低的生物炭和纳米尺寸最低价值生物炭对生物和非生物脱升高的影响； （3）在存在生物炭的情况下，天然微生物群落分析了有机盐的降解，并研究了该潜在的晚期废水处理应用。该项目将提供及时的信息，以供新兴有机甲化体的生物炭催化微生物降解。最低价值的生物炭和纳米大小的最低生物炭，作为对零价铁和纳米零价铁的新型类似物，将被生成并研究其在Organohalides降解中的作用。智力优点源自对生物炭特性在催化有机盐微生物还原性去饱和型的作用的新理解。该项目有可能制定一项具有成本效益的战略，以治疗美国和其他国家的有机甲质污染的水。通过在明尼苏达大学 - 双城市的UNR的Dean未来学者计划和北极星STEM联盟计划中，研究人员将为第一代大学中学的中学生和STEM领域的人数不足的毕业生提供夏季研究实习，以增强对现代水质问题和技术问题和技术解决方案的认识和知识。研究结果还将集成到当前的本科和研究生课程中。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来支持的。