Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Plant Volatile Emission

破译植物挥发物排放的分子机制

基本信息

批准号：
1655438
负责人：
Natalia Doudareva
金额：
$ 91.09万
依托单位：
Purdue University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-04-01 至 2022-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655438&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms Involved Plant

项目摘要

Plants produce a wide diversity of volatile compounds that facilitate interactions with their environment, ranging from attracting pollinators and seed dispersers to protecting themselves from pathogens, parasites, and herbivores. Recent discoveries have allowed an understanding of how plants produce volatile compounds, but little is known about how volatiles are released from plant cells into the atmosphere. Until recently, it had been assumed that volatiles simply diffuse out of cells. However, simple diffusion cannot occur rapidly enough to prevent accumulation of toxic levels of volatiles in plant cells. Thus, plants must have cellular mechanisms that facilitate the emission of volatiles. This project will characterize the molecular processes involved in the emission of plant volatiles out of the cell for the first time. This research will identify new targets for metabolic engineering for altering either accumulation of compounds, or their release from plants, to improve agronomic/horticultural traits, biofuel production, and crop nutritional value. Beyond plants, chemical communication plays an important role in microbial communities, in the lives of insects and in interactions between animals. How volatile compounds are released from these organisms is a similar open question. The information obtained from this project may enhance understanding of volatile release mechanisms used by other organisms. Since plant volatiles significantly contribute to our environment, the results obtained will provide a foundation for development of more accurate atmospheric volatile emission models.It has long been accepted that volatile compounds, lipophilic low-molecular-weight molecules with high vapor pressures, simply diffuse out of cells. The recent finding that volatile emission driven solely by diffusion would lead to toxic levels of volatiles in membranes raises new questions about how plant volatiles are released from cells into the atmosphere. This research will employ an integrative strategy comprised of genetics, molecular biology, metabolic profiling, protein and membrane biochemistry, and mathematical modeling of mass transport to (i) characterize ABC transporters participating in export of volatiles across the plasma membrane; (ii) elucidate the role of PhSV2, a homolog of mouse synaptic vesicle protein 2A, as a novel vesicle trafficking protein involved in volatile emission and (iii) determine the effect of cuticle chemical composition and crystallinity on volatile emission. Petunia flowers will be used as a model system since they emit high levels of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles, have available genomic/transcriptomic resources, and are amenable to genetic manipulations. This work will uncover the biological processes involved in shuttling plant volatiles across the cytosol and plasma membrane. The proposed research will provide multidisciplinary training to undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers. The educational program will also introduce thousands of middle and high school students throughout the U.S. (particularly from rural and underprivileged areas) and abroad to STEM-based research by developing a web-streamed "electronic field trip", with support from Purdue zipTripsTM. The goals are to improve student enthusiasm, interest, and perceptions about scientific careers.

植物产生各种挥发性化合物，可促进与环境相互作用，从吸引传粉媒介和种子分散器到保护自己免受病原体，寄生虫和食草动物的侵害。最近的发现使人们了解了植物如何产生挥发性化合物，但是关于如何从植物细胞释放到大气中的挥发物知之甚少。直到最近，人们已经假定挥发物只是从细胞中扩散出来。但是，简单的扩散不能足够快地发生，以防止植物细胞中挥发物的毒性水平积累。因此，植物必须具有促进挥发物排放的细胞机制。该项目将首次表征植物挥发物从细胞中排出的分子过程。这项研究将确定用于改变化合物的积累或从植物中释放的代谢工程的新目标，以改善农艺/园艺性状，生物燃料生产和作物营养价值。除植物外，化学交流在微生物群落，昆虫的生活和动物之间的相互作用中起着重要作用。这些生物体如何释放挥发性化合物是一个类似的开放问题。从该项目获得的信息可能会增强对其他生物使用的挥发性释放机制的理解。由于植物挥发物显着促进了我们的环境，因此获得的结果将为开发更准确的大气挥发性发射模型提供基础。长期以来，人们一直认为，挥发性化合物，脂肪低分子量分子具有高蒸气压，高蒸气压，简单地从细胞中扩散出来。最近的发现，仅由扩散驱动的挥发性发射将导致膜中挥发物的有毒水平引发了有关如何从细胞中释放出植物挥发物进入大气的新问题。这项研究将采用一个综合策略，该策略由遗传学，分子生物学，代谢分析，蛋白质和膜生物化学以及对（i）的数学建模的数学建模为（i）表征参与plasmambrane挥发物的出口的ABC转运蛋白的数学建模；（ii）阐明了小鼠突触囊泡蛋白2a的PHSV2的作用，作为一种新型的囊泡运输蛋白，参与挥发性发射，（iii）确定角质层化学成分和结晶度对挥发性发射的影响。矮牵牛花将用作模型系统，因为它们会发出高水平的苯苯二甲酸/苯基丙型挥发物，具有可用的基因组/转录资源，并且可以适合基因操作。这项工作将揭示涉及将植物挥发物穿过细胞质和质膜的生物学过程。拟议的研究将为本科生和研究生以及博士后研究人员提供多学科培训。该教育计划还将在美国的Purdue Ziptripstm的支持下，通过开发网络流的“电子实地考察”，将在美国（特别是来自农村和贫困地区）和国外的数千名中学学生（尤其是来自农村和贫困地区）和国外介绍基于STEM的研究。目标是提高学生对科学职业的热情，兴趣和看法。