Regulation of Monoterpene Emission in Snapdragon Flowers

金鱼草花中单萜释放的调控

• 批准号: 0212802
• 负责人: Natalia Doudareva
• 金额: $ 43.5万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-02-01 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0212802&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Regulation; Monoterpene; Emission; Snapdragon; Flowers

Floral scent plays a vital role in the reproductive cycle of higher plants by attracting pollinators to flowers. The long-term goal of this research is to fill important gaps in our knowledge of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of floral volatiles and the molecular mechanisms controlling their accumulation and release in plants. Although monoterpenes, the C10 members of the terpenoid family of natural products, are very common constituents of floral scent, little is known about how floral tissues regulate their developmental and rhythmic emission. This project will focus on investigation of the role of geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), the key precursor of monoterpene biosynthesis, in the regulation of developmental and rhythmic emission of trans-b-ocimene and myrcene, the two major scent components of snapdragon scent. GPP, the starting point leading to the synthesis of many monoterpene end products, is the result of condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) in a reaction catalyzed by GPP synthase (GPPS). Plant cells have two different IPP biosynthetic pathways located in two different compartments. Biochemical pathway(s) leading to GPP biosynthesis in snapdragon petal tissue will be elucidated and the possibility of compensation of one pathway by the other one through the exchange between cytosolic and plastidic IPP pools will be examined. In contrast to other homodimeric short-chain prenyltransferases, GPPS is a functional heterodimer in which small and large subunits are absolutely required for enzymatic activity. In this project, the complexity of the GPPS gene family in snapdragon will be characterized, the role of both subunits of GPPS in the regulation of the amount of GPP in cells will be analyzed and the involvement of subcellular localization in the regulation of GPPS activity will be determined. Floral scent plays an important role in the crop economy since one-third of our total diet depends upon insect-pollinated plants including most fruit trees, berries, nuts, oilseeds, and vegetables. Pollination not only affects crop yield but also quality and efficiency of crop production. This research will result in new insights into the regulation of floral scent production in higher plants and also provide the knowledge for engineering plants with improved scent quality. This could increase the attraction of flowers to certain pollinators and lead to the more efficient pollination of crop plants cultivated for their seed, forage, or food value.

花香通过吸引授粉媒介到花上的植物的生殖周期中起着至关重要的作用。这项研究的长期目标是填补我们对生化途径的了解，从而导致花卉挥发物的形成以及控制其在植物中积累和释放的分子机制。尽管单二烯是天然产物的萜类化合物的C10成员，这是花香的非常常见的成分，但对于花卉组织如何调节其发育和节奏的发射鲜为人知。该项目将着重研究单一丙烯生物合成的关键先驱香豆基焦磷酸盐（GPP）在调节trans-b- ocimene和Myrcene的发育和节律发射（Snapdragon味的两个主要SCENT成分）中的作用。 GPP是导致许多单一末端产物合成的起点，是二甲基二磷酸二甲基二磷酸二甲基二磷酸二磷酸二磷酸（IPP）的结果，该反应是由GPP合酶催化的反应（GPP）。植物细胞具有两个不同的IPP生物合成途径，位于两个不同的隔室中。将阐明在Snapdragon花瓣组织中导致GPP生物合成的生化途径，并通过研究胞质和质体IPP池之间的交换来阐明另一个途径的补偿。与其他同二聚体短链前转移酶相比，GPPS是一种功能异二聚体，其中酶活性绝对需要小的和大的亚基。在该项目中，将表征GPP基因家族在Snapdragon中的复杂性，将分析GPP的两个亚基在调节细胞中的调节中的作用，并确定亚细胞定位在GPPS活性调节中的参与。 花香在农作物经济中起着重要作用，因为我们的总饮食中有三分之一取决于昆虫授粉的植物，包括大多数果树，浆果，坚果，油籽和蔬菜。授粉不仅影响作物产量，而且会影响作物生产的质量和效率。这项研究将导致对高等植物中花香产量的调节的新见解，并为具有改善气味质量的工程植物提供知识。这可能会增加花朵对某些授粉媒介的吸引力，并导致为种子，草料或食物价值种植的作物植物的更有效的授粉。