Molecular Mechanisms Connecting Plant Defense Suppression with Magnaporthe oryzae Growth in Rice Cells

水稻细胞中植物防御抑制与稻瘟病菌生长的分子机制

• 批准号: 1557943
• 负责人: Richard Wilson
• 金额: $ 57万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-15 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1557943&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Mechanisms; Connecting; Plant; Defense

Blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most serious disease of cultivated rice and a global food security threat that annually results in a 10-30% reduction in worldwide rice yields. M. oryzae is also emerging as a major pathogen of wheat. During rice infection, dome-shaped fungal cells called appressoria form on the surface of the rice leaf and access the underlying epidermal cells. Remarkably, fungal growth in living rice cells, called biotrophy, occurs for the first days of infection without activating the robust plant defenses that normally work to keep the host plant disease-free. Yet, despite the fundamental importance of this biotrophic growth stage to crop health, little is known about how plant defense suppression and fungal growth is integrated in host cells. To address these knowledge gaps, this proposal asks: How do fungal cells thrive in rice cells? To answer this, research will be directed towards characterizing mutants of M. oryzae that are impaired in their ability to colonize rice cells in order to unlock the fundamental cellular, biochemical, and genetic regulatory mechanisms that govern the rice-fungus interaction. This work could point to much needed robust and sustainable mitigation strategies and shed light on fundamental growth processes in fungi. The proposed work will foster the molecular training of postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds through active participation in tackling the real-world problem of rice blast disease.By addressing the fundamental question "What molecular mechanisms coordinate sustained fungal growth and plant defense suppression in the host cell?" This project aims to resolve substantial issues in plant pathology regarding the processes by which fungal pathogens thrive in plant cells. The stated objectives will use forward and reverse genetics, genome-wide proteomic and metabolic approaches, and live-cell imaging to define key exploitable differences in the metabolism of M. oryzae compared to host rice cells. This could lead to the development of novel crop protection strategies targeting molecular pathways that are critical for the biotrophic growth of the fungus but are not required for the normal function of the host cell, and could shed new light on the basic principles of cell growth. The educational objective will expand scientific education by stimulating undergraduates' science learning, preparing graduate students for scientific life beyond the university, and inspiring scientific interest in minority high school students.

爆炸是由真菌斑ryzae引起的，是耕种大米的最严重疾病，是全球粮食安全威胁，每年导致全球水稻产量降低10-30％。 M. oryzae也是小麦的主要病原体。在水稻感染期间，圆顶形的真菌细胞在水稻表面上称为Appressoria形式，并进入基础表皮细胞。值得注意的是，活的水稻细胞中的真菌生长被称为培养基，在感染的头几天发生，而无需激活通常有效的植物防御能力以保持宿主植物性无病。然而，尽管这种生物营养生长阶段对农作物的健康至关重要，但对于植物防御抑制和真菌的生长如何整合到宿主细胞中，知之甚少。为了解决这些知识差距，该提案提出：真菌细胞如何在水稻细胞中壮成长？为了回答这一点，研究将针对表征牛肉菌的突变体，这些突变体在定居水稻细胞的能力中受到损害，以解锁控制水稻 - 联邦相互作用的基本细胞，生化和遗传调节机制。这项工作可能指出了急需的强大和可持续的缓解策略，并阐明了真菌的基本增长过程。拟议的工作将促进来自不同背景的博士后，研究生和本科生的分子训练，通过积极参与解决水稻爆炸疾病的现实问题。通过解决基本问题“哪些分子机制协调了宿主细胞中的真菌生长和植物防御抑制的持续真菌生长和植物防御？”该项目旨在解决有关植物病理学中关于真菌病原体在植物细胞中生长的过程的重大问题。与宿主水稻细胞相比，陈述的目标将使用前进和反向遗传学，全基因组蛋白质组学和代谢方法以及活细胞成像来定义蜂巢代谢的主要利用差异。这可能会导致针对分子途径的新型农作物保护策略的发展，这对造物的生物营养至关重要，但对于宿主细胞的正常功能而言并不是必需的，并且可能对细胞生长的基本原理有了新的启示。该教育目标将通过刺激大学生的科学学习，为研究生的科学生活做好准备，并激发对少数族裔高中生的科学兴趣，从而扩大科学教育。