On the nature and regulation of the plant-fungal biotrophic interface

植物-真菌生物营养界面的性质和调节

• 批准号: 2106153
• 负责人: Richard Wilson
• 金额: $ 70万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2106153&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: nature; regulation; plant; fungal; biotrophic

During plant infection, many pathogenic fungi, including the devastating rice and wheat blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, can grow in intimate contact with living host cells for extended periods of time. This parasitic (biotrophic) growth stage involves the accretion of host plant membranes around fungal invasive hyphae, forming interfacial zones across which effectors are deployed and nutrients are acquired. Despite the intrinsic nature of the biotrophic interface and associated compartments to host infection, the biological underpinnings of interfacial membrane maintenance and construction are largely unknown. This severely undermines efforts to understand the host-pathogen interaction and likely obscures novel sources of host resistance and the identification of new targets for limiting a broad range of plant diseases as well as improving crop health. This project seeks to address these knowledge gaps by characterizing mutant strains of M. oryzae that fail to properly maintain biotrophic interfacial function or membrane integrity during growth in host plant cells. This is expected to uncover novel cellular, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms governing rice infection. Results may shed light on fundamental concepts of plant host-microbe interactions that could be leveraged to understand how beneficial plant-fungal interactions might be promoted while those detrimental to crop health are diminished. We also expect that this work will provide an invigorating environment for student learning that will inspire underrepresented students to consider a STEM career and become the next generation of scientists.Based on our recent discoveries, our central hypothesis is that, despite comprising both plant and fungal membranes, biotrophic interfaces are fungal constructs with properties and dynamics dictated by the metabolic demands of the invading fungus. Here, we seek to test our hypothesis by leveraging novel mutant strains to provide important new information on biotrophic interfacial regulation, dynamics, and function. By focusing on fungal processes required for maintaining biotrophic interfacial integrity, and by examining some important aspects of the function of the biotrophic interface, the stated objectives will use forward and reverse genetics, multiomic approaches, and live-cell imaging to understand how fungal metabolic processes dominate the plant-fungal interaction in living host cells. This could lead to the development of novel crop protection strategies targeting molecular pathways that are critical for the biotrophic growth of the fungus but are not required for the normal function of the host cell, and could shed new light on both the basic principles of cell growth, and on the nature and regulation of host-microbe interfaces. The educational objective will inspire undergraduates to excel in research, will allow graduate students to develop as mentors and teachers, and will provide all students with the tools to excel in STEM careers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在植物感染期间，许多致病性真菌，包括毁灭性的大米和小麦爆炸真菌麦芽菌，可以长时间与活宿主细胞亲密接触。这个寄生虫（生物营养）生长阶段涉及在真菌浸润性菌丝周围积聚宿主植物膜，形成界面区域，在该区域中，将其部署效应子并获得营养。尽管生物营养界面和相关隔室具有宿主感染的固有性质，但界面膜维持和构造的生物基础在很大程度上尚不清楚。这严重破坏了理解宿主病原体相互作用的努力，并可能掩盖了宿主抗性的新来源，并确定了限制广泛植物疾病并改善作物健康的新目标。该项目旨在通过表征未能适当地维持生物营养界面功能或膜完整性在宿主植物细胞生长过程中正确维持生物营养的界面功能或膜完整性来解决这些知识差距。预计这将发现有关水稻感染的新型细胞，生化和遗传机制。结果可能会阐明植物宿主 - 微生物相互作用的基本概念，这些相互作用可以利用，以了解如何促进植物 - 对农作物健康的有益的植物 - 生存相互作用。我们还希望这项工作将为学生学习提供一个令人振奋的环境，这将激发代表性不足的学生考虑一个STEM职业并成为下一代科学家。基于我们最近的发现，我们的中心假设是，尽管植物和真菌膜既包含植物和真菌界面，但生物营养界面还是具有富有竞争力的材料构造，并且是由竞技构成的。在这里，我们试图通过利用新型突变株来检验我们的假设，以提供有关生物营养界面调节，动力学和功能的重要新信息。通过关注维持生物营养界面完整性所需的真菌过程，并检查生物营养界面功能的某些重要方面，既定的目标将使用远期和反向遗传学，多构方法，以及实时的实时元素成像，以了解真实代谢过程如何占主导地位植物 - 植物 - 植物 - 植物体内宿主的构造。这可能会导致针对分子途径的新型农作物保护策略的发展，这对造物的生物营养至关重要，但对于宿主细胞的正常功能而言并不是必需的，并且可能对细胞生长的基本原理以及宿主菌群界面的性质和调节进行了新的启示。教育目标将激发本科生在研究中表现出色，将使研究生能够成长为导师和教师，并将为所有学生提供在STEM职业中表现出色的工具。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估来通过评估来获得支持的。