Joint NSF/ERA-CAPS: EVOREPRO - Evolution of Plant Reproductive Processes

NSF/ERA-CAPS 联合：EVOREPRO - 植物繁殖过程的进化

• 批准号: 1540019
• 负责人: Mark Johnson
• 金额: $ 53.91万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1540019&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Joint; NSF; ERA; CAPS; EVOREPRO

PI: Mark A. Johnson (Brown University)ERA-CAPS Collaborators: Jörg Becker (Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal), Frederic Berger (Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna, Austria), Thomas Dresselhaus and Stefanie Sprunck (University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany), David Twell (University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom), Marek Mutwil (Max Plank Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany), and Jose Gutierrez-Marcos (University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom)The key agricultural products derived from corn, rice, wheat, and tomato all require successful reproduction by fertilization. The ability to increase crop production in the coming years will depend on developing a better understanding of reproductive mechanisms. The goal of this project is to take what has been learned about the molecules that mediate fertilization in a model plant species (Arabidopsis) and extend this knowledge using a comparative genomic approach in seven plant species including corn, rice, and tomato. The expected findings will allow for the identification of specific mechanisms that are targeted by environmental stresses during sexual reproduction in crops and will assist in the selection of stress-resistant cultivars. The outputs of this project will provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of sexual reproduction of economically important plant species. In addition this project will provide cutting edge training in biological imaging, genetics and genomics in the context of a critical crop plant (tomato) for a diverse team of researchers that will include a post-doctoral fellow and an undergraduate researcher. Importantly, this research team will be benefit from participation in this large, multidisciplinary and international effort comprising eight laboratories from five nations.Research during the past five years has delivered tremendous new insights into gamete physiology and the mechanisms involved in fertilization in Arabidopsis. This progress has established the view that gametes are hyper-differentiated cell types with highly specific transcriptional profiles. Advances in microscopy based on fluorescent reporters and live cell imaging have also transformed research capability and provided insights into the mechanisms involved in gamete delivery, interaction and activation of seed development. Yet, the understanding of the complexity of double fertilization that characterizes flowering plants is far from complete and lacks any knowledge about the origin of mechanisms that predate double fertilization. In this project, emerging models representing key stages in plant evolution will be used to provide insight into the ancestral mechanisms of gamete differentiation and fertilization. Gene co-function networks will be identified from expression atlases for several plant species that include the liverwort Marchantia, the moss Physcomitrella and the extant basal flowering plant Amborella. These will be complemented with co-function networks from Arabidopsis and the economically important crops maize, tomato and rice and used to study the conservation of gene co-function networks governing male and female gametogenesis, pollen tube growth and fertilization mechanisms in flowering plants. Moreover, these investigations will provide novel molecular markers of fertility in crops. It is expected that this project will result in identification of fertilization factors that were lost from ancient angiosperms during the evolution of monocots (grasses) and eudicots and those which have evolved de novo in the angiosperm lineage. All data produced will be freely and continuously shared within the consortium. Specifically, RNAseq datasets will be accessible through a consortium database as well as through publicly available data repositories.

PI：马克·约翰逊（Mark A. Johnson）（布朗大学）ERA-CAPS合作者：JörgBecker（GulbenkiandeCiência研究所莱斯特，莱斯特，英国），Marek Mutwil（Max Plank分子植物生理学研究所，德国波茨坦）和Jose Gutierrez-Marcos（英国沃里克大学沃里克大学）的主要农产品源自玉米，水稻，水稻，盐水和汤匙的主要农产品。未来几年增加农作物产量的能力将取决于对生殖机制的更好理解。该项目的目的是采用有关介导模型植物物种（拟南芥）的分子所学的知识，并使用比较基因组方法在包括玉米，大米和番茄在内的七种植物物种中扩展了这种知识。预期的发现将允许鉴定作物有性繁殖期间环境压力针对的特定机制，并将有助于选择抗压力的培养物。该项目的产出将对经济重要植物物种的有性繁殖的演变提供更深入的了解。此外，该项目还将在关键的作物植物（番茄）的背景下为一组研​​究人员提供生物成像，遗传学和基因组学的尖端培训，其中包括一名后者研究员和一名本科研究人员。重要的是，该研究团队将从参与这项大型，多学科和国际努力中受益，从而完成了五个国家的八个实验室。在过去的五年中，研究为配子生理学和拟南芥施肥所涉及的机制提供了巨大的新见解。这一进步已经确定了一种观点，即游戏是具有高度特定转录曲线的超差异细胞类型。基于荧光记者和活细胞成像的显微镜的进步也改变了研究能力，并提供了有关配子传递，相互作用和种子发展激活的机制的见解。然而，对开花植物表征的双重施肥复杂性的理解远非完整，并且缺乏对呈现双重施肥机制的起源的任何知识。在这个项目中，代表植物进化中关键阶段的新兴模型将用于提供有关配子分化和受精的祖先机制的见解。基因共同功能网络将从包括Liverwort Marchantia，Moss Physcomitrella和广泛的基本开花植物Amborella在内的几种植物物种的表达地图中鉴定出来。这些将通过拟南芥和经济上重要的农作物，番茄和大米的共同功能网络完成，并用于研究开花植物中男性和女性配子发生，花粉管生长和肥料机制的基因共同功能网络的保护。此外，这些研究将为作物提供新颖的生育分子标志物。可以预期，该项目将导致鉴定在单子植物（草）和eudicot的进化过程中，这些因素因古代被子植物而流失，以及在被子植物谱系中从头发展的受精因子。所有产生的数据将是自由且在财团内连续共享的。具体而言，RNASEQ数据集将通过财团数据库以及可公开可用的数据存储库访问。