Human neurocognitive development: Early-stage processing, modifiers, and outcomes

人类神经认知发展：早期处理、修饰和结果

基本信息

批准号：
MR/T003057/1
负责人：
Mark Johnson
金额：
$ 288.99万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT003057%2F1
关键词：
Human neurocognitive development Early stage

项目摘要

Developmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are rarely diagnosed before age 3. Understanding the emergence of these disorders during the first years is critical to improving early identification and treatment options. We aim to understand how brain development over the first years of life relates to both typical and atypical developmental outcomes. To do this, we will conduct two large projects. First, we will follow infants who are more likely to develop common conditions like autism and ADHD from five months to toddlerhood (Part A). Second, we will study typically developing babies from pregnancy to early infancy (Part B). Both parts of our programme aim to: (1) find markers of how babies process sounds, sights and touch (sensory processing); (2) understand later-emerging skills like social motivation or self-regulation that can help babies compensate for any early difficulties in sensory processing; (3) understand how these factors might shape and predict later behavioural difficulties, like problems with social communication or attention and activity level.In Part A we build on our long experience in working with infants with a family member with ASD, who have a 1/5 chance of going on to a diagnosis themselves. We will further expand our work to infants with a family member with ADHD, who have a similarly heightened likelihood of receiving an ADHD diagnosis. We will also work with a new group of infants diagnosed with Neurofibromatosis 1, a genetic condition that frequently leads to a later ASD or ADHD diagnosis. We will compare the development of brain and cognitive functions in these groups to other babies who do not have a family history of a developmental disorder. All these groups of babies will take part in our study where we follow babies over five visits to our laboratory over the first three years of life. We study brain development using a variety of baby-friendly methods such as Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS - a type of light imaging), electroencephalography (EEG), eye-tracking, and parent-infant interaction. We have chosen to compare infant routes to autism and ADHD risk for several reasons. One of these is to determine how specific the early warning signs are for particular later outcomes. Another reason is that we know that these conditions quite commonly co-occur in the same children. We also work with international partners to join together to ask important questions about early signs and interventions for autism and ADHD.Birth is the single most dramatic change in environment that a brain experiences in its lifetime, yet its consequences for emerging functions remain surprisingly unknown. In Part B we will conduct a basic science study of typical development from pregnancy to age 5 months. We will look at whether individual differences in how foetuses respond to lights and sounds measured with ultrasound are maintained after birth. Further, we will ask whether or not there are dramatic changes in brain function that happen over the first weeks post-birth. Finally, we will study how infant's experiences interacting with other people in early infancy influences their brain development. Taken together, this project will provide deep insights into a vital period of human development.

在3岁之前，很少诊断出诸如自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）之类的发育障碍。了解这些疾病在第一年的出现对于改善早期识别和治疗方案至关重要。我们旨在了解生命的头几年中大脑发展与典型和非典型发展结果之间的关系。为此，我们将进行两个大型项目。首先，我们将跟随婴儿，他们更有可能发展自闭症和多动症等常见状况，从五个月到幼儿园（A部分）。其次，我们将研究通常从怀孕到婴儿期的婴儿（B部分）。我们计划的两个部分都旨在：（1）找到婴儿如何处理，瞄准镜和触摸的标记（感觉处理）；（2）了解可以帮助婴儿弥补感官处理中任何早期困难的社交动机或自我调节等后来出现的技能；（3）了解这些因素如何塑造和预测以后的行为困难，例如社交沟通或活动水平的问题。我们将进一步将我们的工作扩展到患有多动症的家庭成员的婴儿，他们接受多动症诊断的可能性同样增加。我们还将与一个诊断为神经纤维瘤病1的新婴儿组合，这种遗传病经常导致后来的ASD或ADHD诊断。我们将将这些群体中大脑和认知功能的发展与没有发育障碍家族史的其他婴儿进行比较。所有这些婴儿群体将参加我们的研究，在生命的头三年中，我们跟随婴儿进行了五次访问。我们使用多种婴儿友好方法研究大脑发育，例如近红外光谱（NIR-一种光成像），脑电图（EEG），眼睛轨道和父母互动。由于几个原因，我们选择将婴儿路线与自闭症和多动症风险进行比较。其中之一是确定特定后期结果的预警信号的特定特定迹象。另一个原因是我们知道这些条件通常在同一孩子中同时发生。我们还与国际合作伙伴合作，共同询问有关自闭症和多动症的早期迹象和干预措施的重要问题。本环境中最急剧的变化是大脑在其一生中经历的最大变化，但其对新兴功能的影响仍然令人惊讶地未知。在B部分中，我们将对从怀孕到5个月的典型发展进行基础科学研究。我们将研究胎儿对用超声测量的灯光和声音的反应方式是否在出生后保持。此外，我们将询问出生后最初几周发生的大脑功能是否发生了巨大变化。最后，我们将研究婴儿在婴儿早期与他人互动的经历如何影响他们的大脑发育。综上所述，该项目将为人类发展的重要时期提供深刻的见解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

COVID-19 in the context of pregnancy, infancy and parenting (CoCoPIP) study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parental mental health, social interactions, physical growth and cognitive development of infants during the pandemic.

DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053800
发表时间：
2022-06-06
期刊：
BMJ OPEN
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Aydin, Ezra;Weiss, Staci M.;Glasgow, Kevin A.;Barlow, Jane;Austin, Topun;Johnson, Mark H.;Lloyd-Fox, Sarah
通讯作者：
Lloyd-Fox, Sarah

The COVID in the Context of Pregnancy, Infancy and Parenting (CoCoPIP) study: protocol for a longitudinal study of parental mental health, social interactions, physical growth, and cognitive development of infants during the pandemic