Hybrid Carbon-Polymer Supercapacitors for High Energy Storage and Power Delivery

用于高能量存储和电力输送的混合碳聚合物超级电容器

• 批准号: 1463170
• 负责人: Vibha Kalra
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Drexel University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1463170&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hybrid; Carbon; Polymer; Supercapacitors; Energy

This project aims to develop enhanced energy storage devices, in particular, supercapacitors, that can store large amounts of energy or charge per unit weight of the material and deliver them at high power. The ability to store large amounts of charge will enable their use in high-demand applications such as electric and hybrid vehicles. High power will ensure that these devices can be charged at a fast rate with charging times of a few seconds to a few minutes (unlike rechargeable batteries that require several hours for charging). The potential improvement in energy storage attributes will, for example, contribute very significantly to technology that supports electric vehicles. This project will provide two PhD graduate and several undergraduate students with an interdisciplinary educational experience in nanomaterials and renewable energy.The specific research objective of this project is to fabricate and study process-structure-performance correlation in a novel hybrid supercapacitor electrode composed of porous carbon-electroactive polymer core-shell nanofibers. The fabrication will be conducted via a simple two-step process. In Step 1, nanofibers of blends of two polymers; carbon precursor and sacrificial polymer, will be fabricated via electrospinning followed by high temperature pyrolysis to convert the carbon precursor to carbon and decompose out the sacrificial polymer, resulting in hierarchically-porous carbon nanofibers exhibiting high specific surface area (1500 m2/g). In Step 2, the porous carbon nanofibers will be shrink-wrapped with an ultrathin shell of conducting polymer of thiophene, pyrrole or aniline using a novel "liquid-free" chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. The aim is integrate electric double layer capacitance from porous carbon nanofibers with pseudocapacitance from thin and conformal polymer coatings to achieve synergistic performance effects including optimized energy density and power delivery and improved cycling performance. Collaboration with industrial partners will enable a feasible path for future manufacturing.

该项目旨在开发增强的储能设备，尤其是超级电容器，这些设备可以存储大量的能量或每单位重量的材料，并以高功率传递。存储大量充电的能力将使它们能够在高需求的应用中（例如电动和混合动力汽车）中使用。高功率将确保这些设备可以快速充电，充电时间为几秒钟到几分钟（与需要几个小时充电的可充电电池不同）。例如，能源储能属性的潜在改善将对支持电动汽车的技术产生很大的贡献。该项目将为两名博士学位研究生和几名本科生提供纳米材料和可再生能源的跨学科教育经验。该项目的具体研究目标是在新型的混合超级能力电极中构建和研究过程结构实现的相关性。该制造将通过简单的两步过程进行。在步骤1中，两种聚合物的混合物纳米纤维；碳前体和牺牲聚合物将通过静电纺丝制造，然后进行高温热解，以将碳前体转化为碳并分解牺牲聚合物，从而导致层次呈孔的碳纳米纤维，表现出高特异性表面积（1500 m2/g）。在步骤2中，使用一种新型的“无液体”化学蒸气沉积（CVD）方法，将用超薄的硫烷，吡咯或苯胺的超薄壳壳包裹多孔碳纳米纤维。其目的是将电力碳纳米纤维与薄和保形聚合物涂层的伪电容性相结合，以实现协同性能效应，包括优化的能量密度和动力传递以及改善的循环性能。与工业合作伙伴的合作将为未来制造提供可行的道路。