LTREB: Female Settlement Patterns and Social Relationships in Chimpanzees, a Male-Philopatric Species

LTREB：雄性黑猩猩的女性定居模式和社会关系

• 批准号: 1457260
• 负责人: Anne Pusey
• 金额: $ 44.79万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457260&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Female; Settlement; Patterns; Social

Social connectedness greatly affects human health. Investigation of the evolutionary basis of human relationships through study of factors influencing social bonding in chimpanzees, humans' closest living relatives, will reveal how and why social bonds are important. Chimpanzees, like humans, are very unusual among mammals in that males remain in their birth group, while most females join another group at adolescence. Kinship is a powerful basis for friendly bonds, but dispersing females must leave their kin and join groups of unrelated individuals, many of which are hostile to these new competitors. This project takes advantage of the uniquely long-term field study of the Gombe chimpanzees, initiated by Jane Goodall in 1960, to examine factors influencing whether females disperse, how they integrate into a new community, the kinds of relationships they establish with other females, and how they benefit from these bonds. Results, disseminated in scientific papers, the press, film documentaries, and widely visited websites will keep these iconic chimpanzees in the public eye, and will continue to draw young people (especially women) into science. The project involves undergraduates from underrepresented groups and provides scientific training and education experience to Tanzanians. It provides crucial information for community conservation efforts around Gombe and across Africa.In the first half of the decadal research plan, the objectives have been to compile and analyze 40 years of spatially-explicit ecological and behavioral data to identify factors influencing female distribution and social association, and to initiate collection of behavioral data on young females in three communities as they settle. In the next 5 years, the first objective is to continue data collection on maturing females to produce a sufficient sample to test the hypothesis that female settlement is based on the location of high quality resources, the density and dominance rank of resident females, and the presence of related or familiar females. The second objective is to collect detailed data on adult female behavior to test hypotheses arising from initial analyses about the nature and consequences of female relationships. Do social bonds enhance the ability to compete for resources and/or dominance via coalitionary aggression? Do bonds with other mothers benefit male offspring by promoting their interactions with male peers? Results will contribute to greater understanding of chimpanzee behavior and provide a basis from which to consider the evolution of mammalian social organization and human relationships. Data are compiled in a relational database, stored at Duke University and available to colleagues, worldwide.

社会联系极大地影响人类健康。研究人类关系的进化基础，通过研究影响人类最亲密的亲戚在黑猩猩中的社会纽带的因素，将揭示社会纽带的重要性以及为什么重要。像人类一样，黑猩猩在哺乳动物中非常不寻常，因为雄性仍然是出生群体，而大多数女性在青春期加入了另一组。亲属关系是友好纽带的有力基础，但是分散女性必须离开亲戚并加入一群无关的个人，其中许多人对这些新竞争对手都是敌对的。 该项目利用了Jane Goodall于1960年发起的Gombe黑猩猩的独特长期现场研究，以研究影响女性分散的因素，它们是否分散，它们如何整合到新的社区中，以及与其他女性建立的关系，他们与其他女性建立的关系，以及它们如何从这些债券中受益。结果是在科学论文中传播的，媒体，电影纪录片和广泛访问的网站将使这些标志性的黑猩猩在公众视线中保持，并将继续将年轻人（尤其是女性）吸引到科学上。该项目涉及来自代表性不足的团体的大学生，并为坦桑尼亚人提供科学培训和教育经验。它提供了至关重要的信息，用于围绕戈姆贝和整个非洲的社区保护工作。协会，并在定居时启动三个社区的年轻女性的行为数据。在接下来的五年中，第一个目标是继续对成熟女性的数据收集，以产生足够的样本，以测试女性定居点基于高质量资源的位置，居民女性的密度和优势等级的假设以及存在相关或熟悉的女性。第二个目标是收集有关成年女性行为的详细数据，以测试有关女性关系性质和后果的初步分析引起的假设。社会纽带是否可以通过联盟侵略增强争夺资源和/或主导地位的能力？与其他母亲的纽带是否通过促进与男同龄人的互动来使男性后代受益？结果将有助于对黑猩猩的行为有更多的了解，并提供一个基础，以考虑哺乳动物社会组织和人际关系的进化。 数据在一个关系数据库中汇编，该数据库存储在杜克大学，并向全球的同事使用。