Discrimination of Paternal Kin in Wild Chimpanzees

野生黑猩猩的父系亲属歧视

• 批准号: 0452315
• 负责人: Anne Pusey
• 金额: $ 26.72万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-15 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0452315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Discrimination; Paternal; Kin; Wild; Chimpanzees

This project investigates whether wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) recognize and treat paternal relatives differently from other individuals. Kinship can have a profound effect on the social behavior of animals and humans. By helping and refraining from harming their kin, individuals will benefit through the process of kin selection by increasing their genetic representation in future generations. However, to achieve these benefits, individuals must be able to discriminate kin from non-kin. In group-living mammals such as primates, individuals have been shown to discriminate maternal kin from non-kin, grooming them, aiding them in aggressive contests, and avoiding mating with them, thus avoiding the deleterious consequences of inbreeding. Although individuals will also benefit by discriminating paternal kin, this ability could not be explored in wild populations until the recent advent of non-invasive genetic testing that can now identify paternal relatives. This study will investigate three questions about paternal kin discrimination in the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania: (1) Do fathers discriminate and favor their genetic infants? (2) Do adolescent males that have left their mothers to join the adult male group preferentially associate with and receive protection from their fathers? (3) Do females discriminate and avoid mating with their fathers and paternal siblings as well as their maternal relatives? Genetic relationships will be established by analysis of genetic markers detected in DNA collected from fecal samples. Data on behavioral interactions will be extracted from the 44 year archive of field notes collected during Dr. Jane Goodall's study of the Gombe chimpanzees and stored in the Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies at the University of Minnesota, as well as new field data collected during the project. Demonstration of paternal kin discrimination in chimpanzees will provide support for the general importance of kinship in social behavior, a matter of current debate. The study will fill an important gap in our understanding of the factors influencing the behavior of our closest living relative. Evidence of paternal kin discrimination in chimpanzees that live in patrilineally based societies will complement recent evidence from matrilineally based societies, extending the generality of the phenomenon. The study will also stimulate future research on the mechanisms involved in kin discrimination.In terms of its broader impact, the project will contribute to the education of both university students and the general public. It will employ both graduate and undergraduate students, actively recruited from underrepresented groups, and introduce them to the excitement of research on a species relevant to understanding human evolution. An interactive page on the Center for Primate Studies website www.discoverchimpanzees.org will allow the general public to read updates about ongoing field research and pose questions to the researchers. Web activities will be developed to explain kin selection, and paternity determination, and games will illustrate kin recognition, and inclusive fitness. Educational programs showcasing the project's research will also be developed with Lincoln Park Zoo (Chicago) and made available to Minnesota zoos. Research activities in Tanzania will employ and educate local people, and contribute to the conservation of an important endangered species.

该项目调查了野生黑猩猩（Pan Troglodytes）是否与其他人不同地识别和对待父亲的亲属。 亲属关系可以对动物和人类的社会行为产生深远的影响。 通过帮助和避免损害亲属，个人将通过选择亲戚在后代增加其遗传表达来受益。 但是，为了获得这些好处，个人必须能够将亲属与非金属区分开。 在诸如灵长类动物之类的小组生活的哺乳动物中，已经证明了个体可以区分母亲的亲戚与非亲属，对它们进行修饰，帮助他们参加激进的竞赛，并避免与他们交配，从而避免近亲繁殖的有害后果。 尽管个人也将通过区分父亲的亲属来受益，但直到最近可以识别父亲亲戚的非侵入性基因检测的出现之前，才能在野生种群中探索这种能力。 这项研究将调查有关坦桑尼亚戈姆贝国家公园黑猩猩的父亲亲属歧视的三个问题：（1）父亲会歧视并赞成他们的遗传婴儿吗？ （2）让母亲与成年男性团体一起优先与父亲的保护并获得保护的青少年男性？ （3）女性是否会歧视并避免与父亲和父亲兄弟姐妹及其母亲亲戚交配？ 通过分析从粪便样品收集的DNA中检测到的遗传标记，将建立遗传关系。 关于行为互动的数据将从Jane Goodall博士对Gombe黑猩猩的研究期间收集的44年现场注释档案中提取，并存储在明尼苏达大学的Jane Goodall Institute的灵长类动物研究中心，以及收集的新现场数据在项目期间。 黑猩猩中父亲亲属歧视的演示将为社会行为中亲属关系的一般重要性提供支持，这是当前辩论的问题。这项研究将填补我们对影响最亲密亲戚行为的因素的理解的重要空白。 居住在爱国主义社会中的黑猩猩中父亲亲属歧视的证据将补充基于母系的社会的最新证据，从而扩大了现象的一般性。 该研究还将刺激对亲属歧视涉及的机制的未来研究。就其更广泛的影响而言，该项目将有助于大学学生和公众的教育。它将聘请研究生和本科生，从代表性不足的群体中积极招募，并向他们介绍对与理解人类进化有关的物种的研究的兴奋。 灵长类动物研究中心网站上的互动页面www.discoverchimpanzees.org将允许公众阅读有关正在进行的现场研究的更新，并向研究人员提出问题。 将开发网络活动来解释亲属的选择和亲子鉴定，游戏将说明亲属的识别和包容性健身。 展示该项目研究的教育计划还将与林肯公园动物园（芝加哥）一起开发，并向明尼苏达州动物园提供。 坦桑尼亚的研究活动将雇用和教育当地人，并为重要的濒危物种的保护做出贡献。