Group Dynamics, Reproductive Success and Hibitat Utilization in Chimpanzees and Baboons

黑猩猩和狒狒的群体动态、繁殖成功率和栖息地利用

• 批准号: 9319909
• 负责人: Anne Pusey
• 金额: $ 23.76万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-15 至 1998-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9319909&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Group; Dynamics; Reproductive; Success; Hibitat

9319909 Anne Pusey In the past 30 years, Jane Goodall revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzee behavior, and in the process gave us an extraordinary perspective on ourselves and our behavioral origins. Chimpanzees are fascinating in their own right. They are one of the few mammalian species to show female dispersal and male-male cooperation, and this continuing study will provide new insights into the causes and consequences of this unusual social organization. Though less prominent than the chimp study, the Gombe baboon study is the longest and most extensive field study of any African monkey. This current research effort, in coordination with Goodall and Tanzanian collaborators, will involve three interconnecting projects. First, long-term demographic and behavioral data on chimpanzees and olive baboons will be analyzed and new data will be collected. This will include Goodall's records from the past three decades. The emphasis will be an examination of the costs and benefits of female dispersion and male sociality. In contrast, olive baboons show the social organization typical of old world monkeys, with home ranges maintained largely by the females and males moving between troops. This research effort will investigate group-level factors influencing female reproductive success, and the causes of individual variability in male reproductive success, social relationships and paternal care. The large sample sizes allow sophisticated statistical analysis of demography and social behavior. The second project involves a highly detailed survey of the diversity and distribution of vegetation in the entire park -- an area of unusual plant diversity. The vegetation studies will clarify the ecological basis of chimpanzee social organization, the importance of inter-troop competition in baboons, and will also contribute to the inventory of biodiversity in Tanzania. The third project will use DNA extracted from feces of both species to assess paternity, measure genetic relatedness and levels of inbreeding. By perfecting the extraction of nuclear DNA from feces and developing baboon-specific primers, the team will facilitate paternity studies in other primate field studies.

9319909 Anne Pusey在过去30年中，Jane Goodall彻底改变了我们对黑猩猩行为的理解，在此过程中，我们对自己和我们的行为起源有了非凡的观点。黑猩猩本身令人着迷。 它们是表现出女性分散和男性合作的少数哺乳动物物种之一，这项继续研究将为这个不寻常的社会组织的原因和后果提供新的见解。 尽管比黑猩猩的研究不那么突出，但Gombe狒狒研究是任何非洲猴子的最长，最广泛的现场研究。 目前与Goodall和Tanzanian合作者协调的研究工作将涉及三个互连项目。 首先，将分析有关黑猩猩和橄榄狒狒的长期人口统计学和行为数据，并将收集新数据。 这将包括Goodall过去三十年来的记录。 重点将是对女性分散和男性社会性的成本和收益的检查。 相比之下，橄榄狒狒展示了旧世界猴子的典型社会组织，家庭范围在很大程度上由女性和男性在部队之间移动。 这项研究工作将调查影响女性生殖成功的群体级因素，以及男性生殖成功，社会关系和父亲护理的个人变异性的原因。 大型样本量允许对人口统计学和社会行为进行复杂的统计分析。 第二个项目涉及对整个公园中植被的多样性和分布的高度详细调查，这是一个不寻常的植物多样性的领域。 植被研究将阐明黑猩猩社会组织的生态基础，在狒狒中互动竞争的重要性，还将为坦桑尼亚的生物多样性库存做出贡献。 第三个项目将使用从这两种物种的粪便中提取的DNA来评估亲子鉴定，衡量遗传相关性和近交水平。 通过完善从粪便中提取核DNA并开发狒狒特异性底漆，该团队将促进其他灵长类动物田间研究中的亲子关系研究。