Collaborative Research: Multi-Level Response Diversity: Land Use, Livelihood Diversification and Resilience in northern Tanzania

合作研究：多层次响应多样性：坦桑尼亚北部的土地利用、生计多样化和复原力

• 批准号: 1122553
• 负责人: J. Terrence McCabe
• 金额: $ 16.96万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1122553&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multi; Level; Response

Dr. Paul Leslie (Carolina Population Center, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) and Dr. J. Terrence McCabe (University of Colorado) will undertake research on how variation in household and community responses to environmental changes and policy constraints affect the overall resilience of socio-ecological systems, and the role of cultural institutions in those systems. Data to develop models to explore these issues will be collected in Tanzania. Throughout much of East Africa, traditionally nomadic and semi-nomadic herders have been adopting agriculture and engaging in labor migration. The environmental and social consequences of these changes are likely to be profound but remain poorly understood. This project will clarify the causes of the changing land use and livelihood patterns, and will explore how these changes affect the social-ecological system, including the viability of households and communities and the impacts on land cover and biodiversity. A particular focus will be response diversity. Response diversity results from the fact that not all actors (individuals, households, communities) respond the same way to changing conditions; the variation in response may be more important than the typical or average response in understanding the effects of decision making under changing conditions.The project is innovative in its integration of empirical field-based research with agent-based modeling (ABM), a computer simulation technique that is well-suited to studying complex systems in which households and communities interact with one another and make decisions influenced by changing conditions. Used together, these methods will reveal much about how land use, livelihoods, family demography, population growth and other factors respond to changes in the physical and political-economic environment, especially unpredictable fluctuations and shocks that test overall system resilience. Shocks can be climatic (e.g., severe droughts), biotic (e.g., livestock disease epidemics), and sociopolitical (e.g., loss of access to pasture and other resources when conservation areas are established). The scientific significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding and theorizing the very complex effects of response diversity on socio-ecological resilience. The research results will have a direct bearing on conservation and development in East Africa and will also help to understand changing socio-ecological systems elsewhere. The researchers' findings also will suggest ways of mitigating the potentially negative impacts of social and ecological change on human well-being while also promoting effective conservation and development measures.

保罗·莱斯利（Paul Leslie）博士（卡罗来纳州人口中心，北卡罗来纳大学，教堂山）和J. Terrence McCabe博士（科罗拉多大学）将研究家庭和社区对环境变化和政策限制的反应如何影响社会生态学系统的整体弹性，以及文化机构在这些系统中的作用。开发模型以探索这些问题的数据将在坦桑尼亚收集。在整个东非，传统上，游牧和半提名的牧民一直在采用农业并从事劳动移民。这些变化的环境和社会后果可能是深刻的，但知识仍然很差。 该项目将阐明土地使用和生计模式不断变化的原因，并将探讨这些变化如何影响社会生态系统，包括家庭和社区的生存能力以及对土地覆盖和生物多样性的影响。 特别的重点将是响应多样性。响应多样性是由于并非所有行为者（个人，家庭，社区）以相同的方式对不断变化的条件做出反应。响应的变化可能比典型或平均响应在理解变化条件下决策的影响方面的典型或平均响应更为重要。该项目在整合基于经验现场的研究与基于代理的建模（ABM）的整合是创新的，这是一种计算机仿真技术，一种非常适合研究复杂系统的计算机模拟技术，在该系统中，家庭和社区互相相互作用并与彼此相互作用，并互相互动。 共同使用，这些方法将揭示土地使用，生计，家庭人口统计学，人口增长和其他因素如何应对物理和政治经济环境的变化，尤其是无法预测的波动和冲击，以测试整体系统的弹性。冲击可以是气候（例如严重的干旱），生物（例如，牲畜疾病流行病）和社会政治（例如，建立保护区时失去了牧场和其他资源的机会）。这项研究的科学意义在于它对理解和理论化反应多样性对社会生态弹性的非常复杂的影响的贡献。该研究结果将直接与东非的保护和发展有关，还将有助于了解其他地方不断变化的社会生态系统。 研究人员的发现还将提出减轻社会和生态变革对人类福祉的潜在负面影响的方法，同时还促进有效的保护和发展措施。