US-Tanzania Dissertation Enhancement: An Examination of the Role of Tourism in Pastoral People's Livelihoods

美国-坦桑尼亚论文强化：考察旅游业在牧民生计中的作用

• 批准号: 0097074
• 负责人: J. Terrence McCabe
• 金额: $ 0.54万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-01 至 2001-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0097074&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: US; Tanzania; Dissertation; Enhancement; Examination

0097074McCabe & DeLucaThis dissertation enhancement grant supports a US graduate student, Ms. Laura DeLuca, working under the guidance of Professor Terrence McCabe, in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Colorado Boulder, to conduct a comparative research study on livelihood diversification, especially the role of tourism work, among Maasai groups of northern Tanzania. In the past, raising livestock was the primary subsistence strategy of pastoralists living in the arid lands of Subsaharan Africa. But the past few decades have seen large tracts of rangeland transformed into cultivated land, and many African countries are now faced with the often competing desires to protect their wildlife while also affording their populations a sustainable livelihood. Tanzania has placed approximately one-fourth of its land in protected wildlife conservation areas, and tourism is now being promoted as a way that its indigenous peoples can economically benefit from these conservation programs. While community conservationists may argue that tourism can provide economic benefits for the local community and may be more compatible with wildlife conservation than other livelihoods, pastoralists may perceive tourism as a threat to their culture, environment, and local pastoral economy. Ms. DeLuca hypothesizes that pastoralists: 1) engage in tourism only when their other livelihood options have been compromised; and 2) will only view their livelihoods, including tourism, as sustainable if they allow for maintenance of a pastoral means of production. Using a political ecology approach, Ms. DeLuca will conduct an ethnographic study to investigate how local livelihood choices intersect with larger geopolitical and economic spheres. The study will also consider such variables as gender, social status, education, and heritage. Ms. DeLuca will conduct archival work on tourism and sustainable development policies and programs at the Tanzanian National Archives. Ethnographic information will be collected through surveys (such as free listing), participant observations, interviews, and focus groups. Dr. Sosovele, with the Institute of Resource Assessment at the University of Dar es Salaam, will provide guidance on this project to Ms. DeLuca. The results are expected to increase current knowledge about sustainable livelihoods, especially in Africa, and will be of value to anthropologists, resource managers, and policy makers. It is also expected to advance anthropological theory by identifying the connections between global policies and local livelihood options. This project will also support an international research experience very early in the career of an outstanding graduate student. The project also includes a Tanzanian graduate student who will serve as a research assistant.

0097074MCCABE和DELUCATHIS论文增强赠款支持美国研究生Laura DeLuca女士，在科罗拉多大学人类学系特伦斯·麦凯布教授的指导下，在科罗拉多大学的人类学系，尤其是对一项关于同生性多元化研究的研究，尤其坦桑尼亚北部的马赛人团体之间的旅游业作用。 过去，饲养牲畜是居住在亚斯哈兰非洲干旱土地上的牧民的主要生存战略。 但是过去几十年来，大量的牧场转变为耕地，许多非洲国家现在面临着保护其野生动植物的经常竞争的愿望，同时也为他们的人口提供了可持续的生计。 坦桑尼亚已将其土地的大约四分之一在受保护的野生动植物保护区域中放置，而旅游业现在正在促进其土著人民可以从经济上从这些保护计划中受益的一种方式。 尽管社区保护主义者可能会争辩说，旅游业可以为当地社区提供经济利益，并且可能与其他生计相比，可能与野生动植物保护更加兼容，但牧民可能会将旅游业视为对他们的文化，环境和当地田园经济的威胁。 DeLuca女士假设牧民：1）仅当他们的其他生计选择被妥协时才进行旅游； 2）只有将他们的生计（包括旅游业）视为可持续的，如果他们允许维护田园生产手段。 使用政治生态学方法，DeLuca女士将进行民族志研究，以研究当地的生计选择如何与更大的地缘政治和经济领域相交。 该研究还将考虑性别，社会地位，教育和遗产等变量。 DeLuca女士将在坦桑尼亚国家档案馆开展有关旅游业和可持续发展政策和计划的档案工作。 民族志信息将通过调查（例如免费上市），参与者观察，访谈和焦点小组收集。达累斯萨拉姆大学资源评估研究所的Sosovele博士将向DeLuca女士提供有关该项目的指导。预计结果将增加有关可持续生计的当前知识，尤其是在非洲，对人类学家，资源经理和政策制定者具有价值。 还可以通过确定全球政策与当地生计选择之间的联系来推进人类学理论。 该项目还将在杰出研究生职业生涯的早期就支持国际研究经验。该项目还包括一名坦桑尼亚研究生，他将担任研究助理。