Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Migration, Land Use, and Resource Control

博士论文改进补助金：移民、土地利用和资源控制

• 批准号: 0750982
• 负责人: J. Terrence McCabe
• 金额: $ 1.44万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-15 至 2009-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0750982&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Migration

Graduate student Nicole M. Smith, working under the direction of Dr. J. Terrence McCabe, will undertake twelve months of field research in Simanjiro District, northern Tanzania. She will investigate the environmental consequences of migration as a livelihood diversification strategy by Maasai pastoralists, asking how and to what extent new migration patterns are impacting land use decisions and resource control. Because of drought, declining land base, and other factors, Simanjiro district has experienced out-migration for over a decade. Recently there has been a change in the nature of this migration. Instead of migrating to cities for unskilled work, men are increasingly being sent by their families into the Mererani region where, once they acquire new skills, they become well-paid middlemen in the Tanzanite gem mining industry. These new migrants then return with wealth and status, which gives them increased power over land use and resource allocation. Smith will look at the local effects of their new influence by collecting several different kinds of ethnographic data in two villages for which extensive baseline data are already available. She will conduct semi-structured interviews with households and individuals, hold focus groups with village and Village Land Committee members, and collect individual life-histories. This information will be used to identify the different migration practices and the households and individuals involved with each, the processes behind decisions to migrate and actual migration experiences, and the relationships between migration and land use, and migration and resource control and allocation. In addition, extant data on the region will allow her to look at these effects from a longitudinal perspective.This research will contribute to developing more dynamic socioecological theory in social science. Northern Tanzania is one of the most contentious areas of the world in terms of land use, wildlife conservation and local livelihoods, and lessons learned there can have policy implications in many other places, including the United States. The research also will support the education of a graduate student.

研究生Nicole M. Smith在J. Terrence McCabe博士的指导下工作，将在坦桑尼亚北部的Simanjiro区进行十二个月的现场研究。她将调查Maasai牧师的迁移作为生计多元化策略的环境后果，询问新的移民模式如何以及如何影响土地使用决策和资源控制。由于干旱，土地基础下降和其他因素，Simanjiro地区已经经历了十多年的移民。最近，这种迁移的性质发生了变化。与其迁移到非熟练工作的城市，他们的家人越来越多地将其送入Mererani地区，一旦获得新技能，他们就成为坦桑尼特宝石矿业行业的薪水良好的中间商。然后，这些新移民以财富和地位返回，这使他们增加了土地使用和资源分配的权力。史密斯（Smith）将通过在两个村庄中收集几种不同的人种学数据来研究其新影响力的局部影响，这些村庄已经可用。她将对家庭和个人进行半结构化的访谈，与乡村和乡村委员会成员举行焦点小组，并收集个人寿命。这些信息将用于确定不同的迁移习惯以及与每个迁移和实际迁移经历的决策背后的家庭和个人，以及迁移与土地使用与土地使用之间的关系，迁移以及资源控制和分配。此外，有关该地区的现有数据将使她从纵向的角度看待这些影响。这项研究将有助于发展社会科学中更具动态的社会生态理论。就土地利用，野生动植物保护和当地生计而言，坦桑尼亚北部是世界上最有争议的领域之一，而学到的经验教训在包括美国在内的许多其他地方都可能产生政策影响。该研究还将支持研究生的教育。