Impact of African Dust on Cloud Properties During ICE-T Using On-line Single Particle Mass Spectrometry

使用在线单粒子质谱分析 ICE-T 期间非洲沙尘对云特性的影响

• 批准号: 1118735
• 负责人: Kimberly Prather
• 金额: $ 68.27万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1118735&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impact; African; Dust; Cloud; Properties

This project involves deploying an Airborne Aerosol Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (A-ATOFMS) aboard the NSF/NCAR C-130 research aircraft during the Ice in Clouds Experiment - Tropical Field Campaign (ICE-T) in the Caribbean region in July 2011. In situ atmospheric ice nucleus (IN) measurements will be made using single particle mass spectral signatures to determine the sources of ice nuclei within these clouds. The composition of aerosols feeding the clouds will be compared with those of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) and IN residuals within clouds to determine which particle sources are enriched as IN. An additional ATOFMS will perform continuous aerosol measurements in a tropical montane cloud forest in Puerto Rico as part of a large ground-based study coordinated by the University of Puerto Rico. Measurements of aerosol size and composition, as well as of cloud water and precipitation chemistry, will be performed to obtain information on the variability of aerosol-cloud interactions in the region. Finally, controlled lab studies will measure the IN properties of mineral dust and terrestrial and marine-derived bioparticles. A primary goal of ICE-T is to show that under given conditions, direct ice nucleation measurement(s), along with measurements of individual particle chemistry and size, can be used to predict the number of ice particles formed by nucleation mechanisms in select clouds. The ground, aircraft, and lab studies aim to better understand the impacts of different sources on cloud properties and precipitation in the Caribbean region, including long range transported African Dust, biological particles, marine sea spray, and pollution.In-situ measurements of the composition and sources of IN coupled with other measurements of microphysics, meteorology, and thermodynamics will provide unprecedented insight into the cloud impacts from different sources of particles, with a particular focus on the role of dust and bioparticles in ice nucleation processes in warm (-15 degrees C) maritime clouds in a tropical region. The results will lead to a better understanding of how mineralogy and aging of dust from the largest source region in the world impacts clouds and precipitation in the Caribbean region, a highly under-studied region with sensitive ecosystems. Results from the studies will be used to constrain and improve models to better predict ice cloud formation on a global scale. Students will be trained across disciplines of chemistry, physics, modeling, atmospheric chemistry, and instrument development. These students will have the opportunity to interact with a broad range of scientists and students from multiple schools and organizations as part of ICE-T, as well as in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Island area. A web page focusing on these studies will be developed as well as a public exhibit at the Birch Aquarium focusing on ice clouds and how they form in the atmosphere and impact climate and weather. A mobile exhibit will be taken to local elementary schools to teach children about clouds and climate. University of Puerto Rico students will assist with measurements during the campaign as well as with subsequent analysis and integration of the results. Project results will be used to educate the public on how the aerosols chemistry can impact regional and global precipitation patterns and climate.

该项目涉及在2011年7月在加勒比海地区的冰冰实验中，在NSF/NCAR C-130研究飞机上部署机载气质质量光谱仪（A-ATOFMS）在NSF/NCAR C-130研究飞机上。将使用单个颗粒质谱特征来确定这些云中冰核的来源，将进行原位大气冰核（IN）测量。将供云的气溶胶的组成与云凝结核（CCN）和云中残留物的组成进行比较，以确定哪些粒子源富集于IN。 作为由波多黎各大学协调的大型地面研究的一部分，额外的ATOFM将在波多黎各的热带蒙塔尼云森林中进行连续的气溶胶测量。 将进行气溶胶大小和成分以及云水和降水化学的测量，以获取有关该地区气雾云相互作用的变化的信息。 最后，受控的实验室研究将测量矿物灰尘以及陆地和海洋衍生的生物颗粒的性质。 ICE-T的主要目标是表明，在给定条件下，直接冰核测量以及对单个颗粒化学和大小的测量，可用于预测选择云中成核机制形成的冰颗粒数量。 地面，飞机和实验室研究旨在更好地了解不同来源对加勒比地区云特性和降水的影响，包括远距离运输非洲灰尘，生物颗粒，海洋海洋喷雾和污染。组成和来源，再加上微物理学，气象和热力学的其他测量结果，将提供对不同颗粒来源的云影响的前所未有的见解，并特别关注粉尘和生物粒子在冰核过程中的作用（-15）（-15）（-15）学位c）在热带地区的海洋云。 结果将使人们更好地了解世界上最大的源区域的矿物学和粉尘的衰老如何影响加勒比地区的云和降水，加勒比地区是一个高度研究的地区，具有敏感的生态系统。 研究的结果将用于限制和改进模型，以更好地预测全球范围内的冰云形成。 学生将接受化学，物理，建模，大气化学和仪器开发学科的培训。 这些学生将有机会与来自ICE-T的一部分以及波多黎各和维尔京岛地区的一部分，与来自多个学校和组织的各种科学家和学生互动。 将开发针对这些研究的网页，以及在桦木水族馆的公开展览，重点是冰云，以及它们如何在大气中形成并影响气候和天气。 一个移动展览将被带到当地的小学，向儿童传授云和气候。 波多黎各大学的学生将在竞选期间协助测量以及随后的结果分析和整合。 项目结果将用于教育公众关于气溶胶化学如何影响区域和全球降水模式和气候的信息。