RAPID: Aerosolization of Viruses and Bacteria in the Coastal Atmosphere

RAPID：沿海大气中病毒和细菌的气溶胶

• 批准号: 2029069
• 负责人: Kimberly Prather
• 金额: $ 19.89万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-15 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2029069&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Aerosolization; Viruses; Bacteria; Coastal

This RAPID project will investigate the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, in coastal waters near an area of sewage outflow. The flow of sewage can become trapped in the surf zone, the region where waterborne species can be transferred into the atmosphere. Any viruses released in small sea spray droplets can remain airborne for hours, and recent research has demonstrated that the aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 virus can remain infectious for up to 3 hours. Thus residents in nearby regions could be exposed to the virus through this unanticipated atmospheric pathway.Airborne samples will be collected near the US-Mexican border where millions of gallons of untreated sewage from the Tijuana River have been flowing into the ocean continuously for the last 5 months. The samples will be tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by the RTqPCR laboratory technique, and subject to metagenomic and metatranscriptomic DNA and RNA sequencing. The data will be visualized using a map created in collaboration with the UC San Diego WIFIRE team showing the locations in which SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses and bacteria are detected in air samples, providing critical unprecedented information on the spatial distribution of the airborne microbiome. The plan is for the air samples to be collected before and after COVID-19 becomes widespread in Tijuana, the source region of the raw sewage. This will enable the researchers to examine the relationship between the airborne distribution of SARS-CoV-2 and the distribution of confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases. This project will help to answer questions such as: Which strains of viruses, bacteria, and other sewage-related pollutants are released in sea spray aerosol in a coastal environment? How do ocean concentrations of enteric viruses and bacteria and conditions (swell, flow, wind speed) affect airborne concentrations? Do traditional water indicators of fecal contamination provide any link with airborne concentrations of bacteria and enteric viruses? Are there “hot spots” where certain strains of viruses and bacteria are detected in higher abundance in the atmosphere (such as near the mouth of the Tijuana River)?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个快速的项目将调查在污水出口区域附近的沿海水域中的SARS-COV-2病毒，即Covid-19疾病的严重药物。污水流可以被困在冲浪区域，冲浪区是可以转移到大气中的水传播物种的区域。在小海洋喷雾液滴中释放的任何病毒都可以保持空气传播数小时，最近的研究表明，雾化的SARS-COV-2病毒可以保持感染性长达3个小时。可以通过这种意外的大气途径暴露于附近地区的居民。将在美墨边境附近收集空气样本，在过去的5个月中，来自蒂华纳河的数百万加仑未经处理的污水持续流入海洋。将通过RTQPCR实验室技术对样品进行SARS-COV-2的测试，并受到元基因组和元文字的DNA和RNA测序。将使用与加州大学圣地亚哥UC加州大学合作创建的地图可视化数据，以显示SARS-COV-2以及在空气样本中检测到的SARS-COV-2以及其他病毒和细菌的位置，从而提供了有关空气生物体微生物组空间分布的关键前所未有的信息。该计划是在Covid-19-19-tijuana（原始污水的源区域）广泛分布之前和之后的空气样品。这将使研究人员能够检查SARS-COV-2的空中分布与确认和有问题的COVID-19病例的分布之间的关系。该项目将有助于回答以下问题：在沿海环境中，在海上喷雾气溶胶中释放了哪些病毒，细菌和其他与污水有关的污染物？肠道病毒，细菌和条件的海洋浓度（膨胀，流动，风速）如何影响空气降低？传统的粪便污染水指标是否与空气中的细菌浓度并促进病毒有任何联系？是否存在“热点”，其中某些病毒和细菌在大气中的抽象较高（例如蒂华纳河河口附近）中被发现？该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估被认为是宝贵的支持。