Combined Lab, Field, and Modeling Studies Aimed to Improve our Understanding of Sources of Ice Nuclei and their Impact on Western US Precipitation Processes

实验室、现场和建模相结合的研究旨在提高我们对冰核来源及其对美国西部降水过程影响的了解

基本信息

批准号：
1451347
负责人：
Kimberly Prather
金额：
$ 95.7万
依托单位：
University of California-San Diego
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-03-15 至 2019-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1451347&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Combined Lab Field Modeling Studies

项目摘要

This project builds upon the CalWater study conducted in 2009-2011 in California that investigated the impact of dust and bioparticles transported over long distances on clouds and precipitation processes over the Sierra Nevada mountain range. It is part of a larger project sponsored by the Department of Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This research seeks to gain a better understanding of the interactions between aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere and how these interactions influence precipitation processes. The results may be important for areas of California suffering from recent drought.The project will address 3 questions: (1) Under which regimes do the ice nucleating properties of mineral dust, terrestrial, and marine biology origin impact mixed-phase, precipitating cloud systems? (2) How do the ice nuclei (IN) activity spectra differ between dust, bio-dust and bio-marine aerosols, and can these differences be adequately represented in numerical weather prediction models? And (3) Do scenarios of optimal IN number concentration, together with cloud microphysics and dynamic responses exist such that precipitation is enhanced? Individual particle and IN mass spectra will be measured at a ground site using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) and combined with data from other instruments on the ground and on the DOE aircraft, including a continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC), to provide information on the mixing state and sources of the aerosols. The Weather Research and Forecast model with aerosol speciated spectral bin microphysics (WRF-ASBM) will be run at cloud-resolving resolution and constrained by measured aerosol chemical type, IN concentrations, cloud water content and hydrometeor type measured by in-cloud imagery. The observations will be used to constrain and validate advanced numerical model simulations of aerosol cloud nucleation, hydrometeor-hydrometeor interaction, and precipitation. The results will have major implications for the field of aerosol-cloud interaction studies.

该项目以 CalWater 2009-2011 年在加利福尼亚州进行的研究为基础，该研究调查了长距离传输的灰尘和生物颗粒对内华达山脉云层和降水过程的影响。它是由能源部和国家海洋和大气管理局赞助的一个更大项目的一部分。这项研究旨在更好地了解大气中气溶胶和云之间的相互作用以及这些相互作用如何影响降水过程。研究结果对于加利福尼亚州最近遭受干旱的地区可能很重要。该项目将解决 3 个问题：(1) 在哪种情况下，矿物尘埃、陆地和海洋生物起源的冰核特性会影响混合相、降水云系统？（2）灰尘、生物灰尘和生物海洋气溶胶之间的冰核（IN）活动谱有何不同，这些差异能否在数值天气预报模型中充分体现？ (3) 是否存在最佳 IN 数浓度以及云微物理和动态响应的情景，从而导致降水增加？单个粒子和 IN 质谱将在地面使用气溶胶飞行时间质谱 (ATOFMS) 进行测量，并结合地面和 DOE 飞机上其他仪器（包括连续流扩散室 (CFDC)）的数据，提供有关气溶胶混合状态和来源的信息。采用气溶胶形态光谱库微物理 (WRF-ASBM) 的天气研究和预报模型将以云解析分辨率运行，并受到测量的气溶胶化学类型、IN 浓度、云水含量和云内图像测量的水凝物类型的约束。这些观测结果将用于约束和验证气溶胶云成核、水凝物-水凝物相互作用和降水的高级数值模型模拟。研究结果将对气溶胶-云相互作用研究领域产生重大影响。