SBIR Phase II: Low-cost Long-life Diamond Electrodes for Wastewater Treatment using Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation

SBIR 第二阶段：采用先进电化学氧化技术用于废水处理的低成本长寿命金刚石电极

• 批准号: 1058505
• 负责人: John Carlisle
• 金额: $ 49.99万
• 依托单位: ADVANCED DIAMOND TECHNOLOGIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-04-01 至 2014-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1058505&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; II; Low; cost

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will employ the boron-doped ultrananocyrstalline diamond (BD-UNCD) electrodes developed during the Phase I project to fabricate and characterize electrochemical cells and systems for the on-site generation (OSG) of advanced oxidants (chlorine-based mixed oxidants - hydrogen peroxide combined with hypochlorite - and sodium persulfate) and apply them to targeted water treatment applications. The primary research objectives are to determine the optimal conditions to generate oxidants and to establish the projected lifetime of the electrodes. BD-UNCD cells will demonstrate higher rates of oxidant production at lower costs and with greater energy efficiency than competing electrodes due to higher current densities and over-potentials for O2 and H2 evolution at the anode and cathode. The known difficulties with existing approaches of disinfection, such as the inadequate destruction of pathogens (Cryptosporidium), ineffective operation below 10°C, generation of large quantities of O2 and H2, and electrode fouling are expected to be mitigated substantially through use of BD-UNCD electrodes. Sodium persulfate (SPS) has been used as a highly effective oxidant capable of oxidative destruction of recalcitrant organics such as in oil-contaminated sea water. BD-UNCD technology will dramatically reduce the cost and increase flexibility of OSG water treatment using SPS.The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is the development of a safer, cheaper, more environmentally friendly technology to generate "green" oxidants using diamond electrodes that can be used for a number of water treatment applications including purification, disinfection, and remediation. The market for chlorine-based disinfection systems alone is $20 billion with a correspondingly large impact on human health and national security issues associated with transporting vast quantities of hazardous materials. Overcoming technical barriers that have prevented diamond from being used for oxidant generation will require advances in the synthesis and large-scale manufacturing of diamond thin films that will impact other applications of this material. The electrochemistry of diamond is not well understood in the conditions needed for OSG. Better understanding of these reactions and the technological trade-offs between cell design and electrode geometry will impact related applications including the development of compact systems for third-world potable water generation, small scale desalination, the energy efficient electrochemical synthesis of new materials and other point-of-use applications of advanced oxidants. Large scale on-site generation of persulfates will enable highly effective treatment of refractory organics found in oil contaminated sea water and waste water associated with bitumen refining.

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will employ the boron-doped ultrananocyrstalline diamond (BD-UNCD) electrodes developed during the Phase I project to fabricate and characterize electrochemical cells and systems for the on-site generation (OSG) of advanced oxides (chlorine-based mixed oxides - hydrogen peroxide combined with hypochlorite - and sodium persulfate) and apply them to targeted water treatment申请。主要的研究目标是确定产生氧化物并建立电子寿命的最佳条件。 BD-UNCD细胞以较低的成本表现出较高的氧化物产生速率，并且由于电流密度较高，并且在阳极和阴极处的O2和H2进化的高电位，因此具有更高的能源效率。现有消毒方法的已知困难，例如病原体的破坏不足（隐形眼炎），低于10°C以下的无效操作，大量的O2和H2产生以及电极污垢将通过使用BD-uncd电极大大减轻。硫硫酸钠（SP）已被用作一种高效的氧化剂，能够氧化破坏顽固的有机物，例如在油污染的海水中。 BD-UNCD技术将大大降低使用SP的OSG水处理的成本和柔韧性。该项目的更广泛的影响/商业潜力是开发一种更安全，更便宜，更环保的技术，以使用可用于多种水处理应用，包括净化，沮丧，瘫痪，以及重新进行的多种水处理应用，并使用钻石电子来生成“绿色”氧化物。仅基于氯的消毒系统的市场就是200亿美元，对与运输大量危险材料相关的人类健康和国家安全问题产生了相应的影响。克服阻止钻石用于氧化物生成的技术障碍将需要在合成和大规模制造钻石薄膜的制造方面取得进步，这将影响该材料的其他应用。在OSG所需的条件下，钻石的电化学尚不清楚。更好地了解这些反应以及细胞设计和电极几何形状之间的技术权衡将影响相关的应用，包括开发用于第三世界饮用水的紧凑系统，小规模的淡化，节能的电化学合成新材料以及其他高级氧化物的应用。大规模的现场生成硫酸盐将使在油受污染的海水和与沥青精炼相关的废水中发现的难治性组织进行高效的治疗。