Early Village Social Dynamics: Prehistoric Settlement Nucleation on the Great Hungarian Plain

早期村庄社会动态：匈牙利大平原上的史前定居点核

• 批准号: 0911336
• 负责人: William Parkinson
• 金额: $ 23.13万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0911336&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Early; Village; Social; Dynamics; Prehistoric

With National Science Foundation support Drs. William Parkinson and Dr. Richard Yerkes will work with an international team of colleagues to conduct three seasons of multi-disciplinary field research in southeastern Hungary. The team brings together U.S., Hungarian, Greek, and Serbian specialists in archaeology, paleo-botany, archaeo-zoology, geophysics, soil chemistry, and geomorphology to examine the development of pre-urban settlements in the Körös Region of the Great Hungarian Plain within the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe. Specifically, the team will examine the process of settlement nucleation and population aggregation as revealed in the archaeology of agricultural villages during the Middle and Late Neolithic (5,300-4,700 cal BC). The project examines dramatic changes in socio-economic organization and settlement patterns that occurred nearly a thousand years after farming was established in the Carpathian Basin. These changes include natural and cultural processes that led to the establishment of compact, nucleated, fortified, villages that grew by accretion into 'tells' (artificial mounds of stratified occupations that spanned several centuries and consist of layers of leveled wattle-and-daub structures, filled-in features, and burials). This multi-disciplinary research project at several Neolithic sites in the Sebes-Körös region, Hungary will test models of settlement aggregation and nucleation that can be used to explore similar social processes elsewhere in the world.The main research objective is to test explanatory models for the emergence of nucleated agricultural villages that emphasize different causal factors (e.g., environmental changes, new animal husbandry practices, intensification of ritual and warfare, demographic transformation). The multi-disciplinary, international team will conduct systematic investigations at two tells and contemporary "flat" (non-tell) sites in the Sebes-Körös Region of Hungary. A geomorphological and soil coring program aimed at reconstructing the mid-Holocene hydrology of the region will also be conducted. Most data recovery and analysis will occur in Hungary, with only some samples for destructive analysis being brought back to the U.S. Data entry and artifact processing, cleaning, and sorting will occur daily at the research facility in Vésztõ.This study of nucleation in ancient village societies contributes to a broader anthropological understanding of the natural and cultural processes that laid the foundation for many other social changes, including the emergence of urbanization, territorialism and the development of economic and political complexity. By assessing independent lines of evidence, it will be possible to demonstrate how environmental, ecological, and social factors resulted in settlement nucleation, and eventually the development of large urban centers. Investigations of this long-term process on the Great Hungarian Plain will contribute to a general understanding of the social and structural dynamics within autonomous village or tribal societies that pushed and pulled them eventually toward social stratification, hierarchical organization, and urbanization. The proposed research will contribute to anthropological knowledge and social theory, advance international collaboration between American and East European scholars, and make datasets and research results widely available in public lectures, scientific journals, websites, and a monograph. It will increase technological and scientific understanding of the human past, and demonstrate how current social problems may have originated.

在国家科学基金会支持博士的情况下。威廉·帕金森（William Parkinson）和理查德·耶克斯（Richard Yerkes）博士将与国际同事团队合作，在匈牙利东南部进行三个赛季的多学科实地研究。该团队汇集了美国，匈牙利，希腊和塞尔维亚考古，古植物，古植物学，地球物理，土壤化学和地貌学专家，以研究欧洲中部大型匈牙利平原的Körös地区的郊区环境的发展。具体而言，该团队将研究新石器时代和晚期农业村庄的档案学中揭示的设定成核和种群聚集的过程（5,300-4,700 Cal BC）。该项目考试在社会经济组织和设定模式中发生了巨大变化，这些模式在喀尔巴阡盆地建立了近一千年后发生。这些变化包括自然和文化过程，这些过程导致建立紧凑的，核，强化的村庄，这些村庄通过积聚成长为“告诉”（分层职业的人为丘陵，跨越了几个世纪，并由一层级别的武术和daub结构，填充的特征和埋葬组成）。匈牙利将在Sebes-Körös地区的几个新石器时代地点进行这个多学科研究项目，可用于测试设置聚集和成核的模型，可用于探索世界其他地方其他地方的类似社会过程。主要的研究目标是测试用于核农业的出现的利用模型，这些模型强调了各种群体的努力，而努力进行了群体的群体，群体，E.G.G.G。和战争，人口转变）。多学科的国际团队将在匈牙利Sebes-Körös地区的两个讲述和当代“ Flat”（非泰尔）站点进行系统调查。还将开展一项旨在重建该地区中新世水文学的地貌和土壤加油计划。大多数数据恢复和分析都会发生在匈牙利，只有一些用于破坏性分析的样本被带回美国的数据进入和人工制品处理，清洁和分类，将在Vészt的研究机构每天发生。这项研究在韦斯特的研究机构中，这项核乡村社会的核社会核能对许多其他社会的发展，包括许多其他社会的基础，包括对许多其他社会的发展，包括许多其他社会的基础，这些过程构成了许多企业的基础。复杂性。通过评估独立的证据，可以证明环境，生态和社会因素如何导致定居核，最后是大型城市中心的发展。对大匈牙利平原的这一长期过程的调查将有助于对自治村或部落社会内的社会和结构动态的一般理解，这些动态最终将它们推向社会分层，等级组织和城市化。拟议的研究将有助于人类学知识和社会理论，提高美国和东欧学者之间的国际合作，并在公共讲座，科学期刊，网站和专着中广泛提供数据集和研究结果。它将增加对人类过去的技术和科学理解，并证明当前的社会问题可能产生。