Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Migration or Adoption? Modeling the Late Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain

博士论文改进补助金：迁移还是收养？

• 批准号: 0910071
• 负责人: William Parkinson
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0910071&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Migration

Under the supervision of Dr. William A. Parkinson, Timothy Parsons will test two competing models that seek to explain the dramatic social changes that occurred during the Late Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain (ca. 3500 BC), when the homogeneous "Baden Culture" began to extend across much of central and eastern Europe. These models are 1) a model of indigenous change; and 2) a model of migratory change. The indigenous change model posits that the social and settlement changes associated with the Late Copper Age developed out of increased local and interregional interaction. The migration model assumes that local populations would have been replaced or absorbed into invading populations. Parsons hypothesizes that intensified interactions between populations throughout Hungary and the surrounding region resulted from an increase in the ease of mobility as horse-riding and the use of wheeled carts became more common place. The archaeological signature of this pattern is indicated in the regional homogeneity of Baden material culture throughout the Carpathian Basin. Research focusing on the development of regionally homogenous material culture is important because it addresses several significant questions about how human societies were organized, and how they changed over time. In particular, this project will permit the formulation of more general anthropological models for understanding the spread of similar material culture over large geographic regions. The generalized anthropological processes underpinning these patterns - migration, diffusion, and social organization - cannot be understood without careful consideration of settlement and material culture patterns at both the local and regional levels. Because migration is difficult to identify in the archaeological record, this project examines changes in material culture that would have been caused by outside populations (i.e., changes in site locations and site size, and changes in how ceramics are designed and produced). The project will approach these questions by conducting archaeological fieldwork at Copper Age settlements in the Körös River Valley. Specifically, the project will: 1) identify changes in Middle Copper Age, Late Copper Age, and Early Bronze Age ceramic design and manufacturing techniques that may indicate the presence of an outside population's influence on local manufacture; 2) specify how settlement patterns changed during the periods leading up to the Late Copper Age Baden period; and, 3) use ceramic and settlement data to understand how populations on the Hungarian Plain reacted to Baden influence. The models generated as a result of this research, which focuses on the Great Hungarian Plain, can be used by anthropologists and archaeologists dealing with similar questions in different contexts throughout the world. Beyond issues of interest to social scientists, this project encourages international collaborative scientific research, and strengthens academic and research ties between the American and Hungarian scholarly communities. American undergraduate research assistants will benefit by having access to new archaeological data sets, making this project an excellent educational experience and a chance to engage in collaborative research with Hungarians and Americans. The results of this research will be published in American and European scholarly journals, a doctoral dissertation, and will be presented at academic conferences on both continents. The preparation of a website will enhance public visibility of the project and make the raw data available online. Furthermore, both Parsons as well as the undergraduate assistants will gain training in the methods of analysis mentioned above.

在威廉·A·帕金森（William A. Parkinson）博士的监督下，蒂莫西·帕森斯（Timothy Parsons）将测试两种竞争模型，试图解释在大匈牙利平原上晚期铜时代（公元前3500年）期间发生的巨大社会变化，当时同质的“巴登文化”开始延伸到中欧和东欧的大部分地区。这些模型是1）土著变化的模型； 2）迁移变化的模型。土著变革模型认为，与铜时代晚期相关的社会和设置变化是由于局部和区域间相互作用而发展的。迁移模型假设本地​​人口将被替换或吸收到入侵人群中。帕森斯（Parsons）假设启发了整个匈牙利人群与周围地区之间的相互作用，这是由于骑马和使用轮式汽车的使用变得更加普遍的位置而引起的。这种模式的存档学标志在整个喀尔巴阡盆地的巴登物质文化的区域均匀性中指示。关注区域同质物质文化发展的研究很重要，因为它解决了有关人类社会的组织方式以及它们如何随着时间的变化的一些重要问题。特别是，该项目将允许更一般的人类学模型的公式来理解相似的物质文化在大地理区域的传播。在没有仔细考虑当地和地区层面上仔细考虑的设置和物质文化模式的情况下，无法理解这些模式（移民，扩散和社会组织）基础的广义人类学过程 - 迁移，扩散和社会组织。由于在存档的记录中难以识别迁移，因此该项目考试对外部人群（即站点位置和场地大小的变化以及陶瓷设计方式的变化）所引起的物质文化的变化。该项目将通过在Körös河谷的铜时代环境进行档案现场工作来解决这些问题。具体而言，该项目将：1）确定中铜时代的变化，晚期铜龄和早期青铜时代的陶瓷设计和制造技术，这些技术可能表明存在外部人口对当地制造的影响； 2）指定设置模式在导致铜年龄晚期时期的期间发生变化； 3）使用陶瓷和设置数据来了解匈牙利平原上的人群对巴登影响的反应。人类学家和考古学家可以使用这项研究，重点关注匈牙利平原的研究产生的模型，该模型可以在世界各地的不同情况下处理类似问题。除了社会科学感兴趣的问题之外，该项目还鼓励了国际协作科学研究，并在美国和匈牙利科学社区之间的学术和研究结合了优势。美国的本科研究助理将通过获得新的档案数据集，使该项目成为出色的教育经验，并有机会与匈牙利人和美国人进行合作研究。这项研究的结果将在美国和欧洲科学期刊（博士学位论文）上发表，并将在两个大洲的学术会议上介绍。网站的准备将提高项目的公众可见性，并在线提供原始数据。此外，帕森斯（Parsons）和本科助理都将获得上述分析方法的培训。