Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: "A Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Development of Camelid Pastoralism in the South Central Andes of Bolivia"

博士论文改进补助金：“玻利维亚安第斯山脉中南部骆驼畜牧业发展的动物考古学视角”

• 批准号: 0737793
• 负责人: David Browman
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0737793&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Zooarchaeological

Under the supervision of Dr. David L. Browman and Dr. Fiona Marshall, , Mr. Jose M. Capriles-Flores will analyze the evidence for the origins of camelid (llama and alpaca) pastoralism in South America. Among the salient issues will be the examination of the generalized management strategies employed to extract animal products and animal energy sources to enhance the local prehistoric economy. Evidence from pristine samples recovered from two sites in the Iroco area near Oruro, Bolivia, will be utilized to test two theoretical models.The Iroco locality was selected as a research focus because it is in an area of presumed origin of primary dependence upon camelid pastoralism. But the location was chosen also because it is far outside of the main prehistoric and historic trade routes near Lake Titicaca. Earlier studies in these areas have been confounded by the extensive introgression and hybridization of the animals since the Spanish Conquest. Iroco should provide a clean sample of early camelid pastoralism. Preliminary aDNA (ancient DNA) pilot analyses provide support for the selection of this site. Detailed zooarchaeological analyses coupled with spatial contextual information will be employed to determine the nature of camelid consumption, and camelid resource extraction.Beyond the research questions of particularly interest to natural and social scientists, this project will provide potential data to address broader public issues such as the adjustments that may be necessary owing to global warming. One of the projected consequences of the current environmental situation facing the world is increased aridity in many locales, where there will still be sufficient moisture to support stock raising and other pastoral strategies, but where plant agriculture will be drastically reduced or eliminated. Evaluation of the strategies developed and employed by prehistoric camelid pastoralists here should provide experts with additional models and strategies to consider in addressing the apparently impending environmental relocation facing the globe. Llama and alpaca herds are increasingly common in the western U.S. grasslands, and this research should provide new information for fine-tuning expansion of the American industry. For the host country, Bolivia, the fieldwork will provide information on the cultural and historical heritage of the Oruro region. And, as well, by carrying out the analysis phase in coordination with the Bolivian Colección de Fauna research component of the Universidad Mayor de San Andres in La Paz, Bolivia, the project will provide currently unavailable opportunities for training students in analytical methods and techniques.

在David L. Browman博士和Fiona Marshall博士的监督下，Jose M. Capriles-Flores先生将分析南美洲Camelid（Llama和羊驼）牧民的起源证据。在显着问题中，将检查用于提取动物产品和动物能源的广义管理策略，以增强当地的史前经济。从玻利维亚Oruro附近的Iroco地区的两个地点回收的原始样品的证据将用于测试两个理论模型。iRoco局部性被选为研究重点，因为它是对摄影集中养殖的原始依赖性依赖性的领域。但是之所以选择该地点，是因为它远远超出了泰卡卡湖附近的主要史前和历史贸易路线。自西班牙征服以来，动物的广泛渗入和杂交使这些地区的较早研究混淆了。 IROCO应提供清洁的早期骆驼牧民样本。初步ADNA（古代DNA）试验分析为选择该站点的选择提供了支持。详细的动物考古学分析以及将采用空间上下文信息来确定骆驼消耗的性质，并提取骆驼资源。BeyondBeyond对自然和社会科学家特别感兴趣的研究问题，该项目将提供潜在的数据，以解决更广泛的公共问题，例如可能会导致全球变暖所必需的调整。在许多地区，当前环境状况面临的当前环境状况的预计后果之一是，在那里仍然有足够的水分来支持储备库存和其他田园策略，但是植物农业将大大减少或消除。评估这里史前骆驼牧师制定和采用的策略应为专家提供其他模型和策略，以解决明显即将来临的环境搬迁面临的环境面临。在美国西部草原中，美洲驼和羊驼牛群越来越普遍，这项研究应提供新的信息，以微调美国工业的扩展。对于东道国，玻利维亚，现场工作将提供有关奥鲁罗地区文化和历史遗产的信息。而且，通过与位于玻利维亚拉巴斯市市长De San Andres的玻利维亚ColecciónDeFauna研究部分进行协调的分析阶段，该项目将为培训学生的分析方法和技术培训学生提供目前无法获得的机会。