Biodiversity of AM Fungi in the Grasslands of North America: Understanding the Foundation of Terrestrial Ecosystems

北美草原 AM 真菌的生物多样性：了解陆地生态系统的基础

基本信息

批准号：
0616891
负责人：
James Bever
金额：
$ 32.3万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-10-01 至 2010-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0616891&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Biodiversity AM Fungi Grasslands North

项目摘要

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improve plant growth and play an important role in ecosystem processes, but are vulnerable to human disturbance. This project seeks to better evaluate and understand the range of diversity of AM fungi by isolating, describing, and culturing species from a well-defined community type, the native grassland communities of North America. Four grassland systems will be studied: tallgrass prairie, shortgrass prairie, desert grasslands and California grasslands. Morphological and molecular data will be combined to describe new AM species, thereby establishing a new standard for species descriptions. Phylogenetic relationships amongst species will be clarified, thus advancing knowledge of fungal systematics. Relationships between plant and AM fungal diversity will be tested at several spatial scales, which in turn will provide better estimates of how much biodiversity is missing across ecosystem types. Sampling design includes comparisons of disturbed and undisturbed sites, so estimates of the number of species that might be at risk from habitat degradation can be obtained. A product of this research will be greatly expanded molecular and biogeographic databases. Also, pure cultures of fungi native to grasslands will be available for use by scientists, teachers, students, and commercial enterprises.

丛枝菌根（AM）真菌可促进植物生长并在生态系统过程中发挥重要作用，但容易受到人类干扰。该项目旨在通过从明确的群落类型（北美本土草原群落）中分离、描述和培养物种，更好地评估和了解 AM 真菌的多样性范围。将研究四种草原系统：高草草原、短草草原、沙漠草原和加利福尼亚草原。形态学和分子数据将结合起来描述新的AM物种，从而建立物种描述的新标准。物种之间的系统发育关系将得到澄清，从而推进真菌系统学的知识。植物和 AM 真菌多样性之间的关系将在多个空间尺度上进行测试，这反过来将更好地估计整个生态系统类型的生物多样性缺失程度。抽样设计包括对受干扰和未受干扰地点的比较，因此可以获得可能面临栖息地退化风险的物种数量的估计。这项研究的产物将大大扩展分子和生物地理数据库。此外，草原原生真菌的纯培养物将可供科学家、教师、学生和商业企业使用。