OPUS: Microbial Dynamics and the Structure of Plant Communities

OPUS：微生物动力学和植物群落结构

• 批准号: 1050237
• 负责人: James Bever
• 金额: $ 16.91万
• 依托单位: Indiana University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1050237&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OPUS; Microbial; Dynamics; Structure; Plant

Soil microbes play key roles in plant health, both through the detrimental effects of plant pathogens and the beneficial effects of increased access to essential soil resources through associations with bacterial and fungal mutualists. As a result the viability and reproductive success of plant populations depends upon the composition of the soil community and the long-term trajectory of terrestrial plant productivity and community composition depends upon the dynamics within the soil microbial community. Experimental manipulations have demonstrated that the soil microbial community changes with its local plant host and often this change leads to a decline in performance of that host. In agricultural crops, for example, the change in microbial community following mono-cropping leads to a yield decline, thereby motivating a strategy of crop rotation. Recent experimental work suggests that these same dynamics can contribute to the replacement of plant species and the maintenance of diversity in unmanaged plant communities. While there is strong evidence for these processes, this work has not been integrated into a comprehensive understanding of the long-term potential for microbial dynamics to drive plant community patterns. The goal of this research project is to synthesize the evidence on the ecology of plant-microbe interactions within a monograph. The monograph will build from the determinants of virulence in plant pathogens and of stability of benefits from plant mutualists toward a framework that predicts microbial mediation of plant dynamics. This framework will allow predictions of changes of plant community composition across time, and across environmental perturbations. This project will produce a monograph that will serve as a comprehensive synthesis of a growing area of plant ecology and will thereby be useful for undergraduate and graduate training. The monograph will motivate further work on the plant-microbe interactions and their consequences, and the framework developed will facilitate prediction of responses of terrestrial communities to anthropogenic disturbance, such as climate change.

土壤微生物在植物健康中发挥着关键作用，既通过植物病原体的有害影响，也通过与细菌和真菌互利共生体的联系增加获得基本土壤资源的有益影响。 因此，植物种群的生存能力和繁殖成功取决于土壤群落的组成，而陆地植物生产力和群落组成的长期轨迹取决于土壤微生物群落的动态。 实验操作表明，土壤微生物群落会随着当地植物宿主的变化而变化，这种变化通常会导致该宿主的性能下降。 例如，在农作物中，单一种植后微生物群落的变化导致产量下降，从而激发了轮作策略。 最近的实验工作表明，这些相同的动态可以有助于植物物种的更替和不受管理的植物群落的多样性的维持。 虽然这些过程有强有力的证据，但这项工作尚未纳入对微生物动态驱动植物群落模式的长期潜力的全面理解。 该研究项目的目标是在专着中综合植物与微生物相互作用的生态学证据。 该专着将从植物病原体毒力的决定因素和植物互利共生效益的稳定性出发，构建一个预测植物动态的微生物介导的框架。 该框架将允许预测植物群落组成随时间和环境扰动的变化。 该项目将编写一本专着，作为植物生态学种植领域的综合综合，从而对本科生和研究生的培训有用。 该专着将推动有关植物-微生物相互作用及其后果的进一步研究，所制定的框架将有助于预测陆地群落对气候变化等人为干扰的反应。