Dissertation Research: An Investigation of the Role of Mid-Holocene Climate Change in the Neolithic Transition on Zealand (Denmark)

论文研究：全新世中期气候变化在新西兰新石器时代过渡中的作用调查（丹麦）

• 批准号: 0528262
• 负责人: T. Douglas Price
• 金额: $ 1.14万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0528262&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Investigation; Role; Mid

Recent research in western Scotland (Bonsall et al 2002) suggests that an abrupt shift to sustained warmer and dryer conditions, at about 4000 BC, may have triggered a dramatic expansion of farming from central Europe into the Atlantic periphery (including southern Scandinavia and Great Britain). The postulated climatic changes were not subtle and would have had an immediate and sustained effect on both terrestrial and possibly aquatic ecosystems. This parsimonious scenario, contrasts strongly with more complex social hypotheses for the spread of farmers, which invoke trade, exchange, social competition and differential population growth or a combination of these factors.However, climatic response across this vast region may have been less uniform than these researchers suggest. There is in fact, little consensus on the kind(s) of climatic change that characterized the period in question. This is largely due to the lack of high-resolution paleoecological studies focused on the Atlantic-Subboreal transition in regions where the initial Neolithic is best documented archaeologically, like the Amose region on the Danish island of Zealand.Anthony Ruter, with the collaboration of Dr. T. Douglas Price at the department of anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Dr. Noe-Nygaard at the University of Copenhagen's Geological Institute, has begun a detailed paleoecological study supported by a high-resolution 14C chronology to investigate whether the conditions of this climate change hypothesis are met in the Tisso-Lille Amose region. This close interval study of pollen, spores, micro-charcoal and algae combined with a record of carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sulfur and magnetic susceptibility will allow us to directly test whether the Neolithic settlement was conditioned by the kind of climate change Bonsall et al describe. The development of agricultural societies transformed the ecology of this planet and preconditioned the complex industrial societies in which we live. Yet, the question of what compelled our ancestors to adopt this radical new economy has still not been answered. Progress in the empirical study of this issue will be made as we engage other natural and historical sciences to help explain the evolution of populations in their social and biotic context, employing reconstructive methods which, privilege no postulated cause (environmental or social) a priori. This will increasingly require reaching across disciplines to engage the perspectives and techniques of scientists unfamiliarly with the research problems of archaeologists; yet able to investigate these phenomena. The research proposed here will initiate exactly the kind of interdisciplinary and international partnership needed for this endeavor, bridging both disciplines and nations. Dr. Noe-Nygaard is an expert on the paleoecology and quaternary geology of the Amose and has collaborated in archaeological projects for most of her career. It will be executed with the assistance of faculty and staff in both Copenhagen and Wisconsin-Madison, and should produce several joint publications. Hopefully, it will stimulate further collaboration between these institutions and disciplines on these and other research questions. Practically, this should include extending this study into the late-Holocene to gauge the type and intensity of landscape modification through to the historic period.

西苏格兰最近的研究（Bonsall等，2002年）表明，大约公元前4000年，向持续的温暖和干燥机构的突然转变可能引发了从中欧到大西洋外围（包括南部斯堪的纳维亚半岛和大不列颠）的耕种急剧扩张。假定的气候变化不是微妙的，将对陆地和可能的水生生态系统产生直接和持续的影响。这种简约的情况与对农民传播的更复杂的社会假设形成鲜明对比，农民的传播唤起了贸易，交流，社会竞争和差异人的人口增长或这些因素的结合。但是，在这个广阔地区的气候反应可能比这些研究人员所建议的要小。实际上，关于所讨论时期的气候变化的那种气候变化几乎没有共识。这在很大程度上是由于缺乏高分辨率的古生态学研究集中在最初最初的新石器时代的大西洋 - 稀树上过渡上，例如，在考古学上最好地记录在考古学上，例如丹麦岛上的丹麦岛上的Anthony Ruter。哥本哈根的地质研究所已经开始了一项详细的古生态研究，并得到了高分辨率14C年代学的支持，以研究该气候变化假设的条件是否在Tisso-Lille Amose地区满足。这项对花粉，孢子，微型炭和藻类的紧密间隔研究结合了碳和氮同位素，硫和磁敏感性的记录，将使我们能够直接测试新石器时代的沉降是否由气候变化的种类调节。农业社会的发展改变了这个星球的生态，并预处理了我们所生活的复杂工业社会。然而，迫使我们的祖先采用这种激进的新经济的问题尚未得到回答。当我们参与其他自然和历史科学以帮助解释人口在社会和生物环境中的演变，采用重建方法，这些方法采用重建方法来解释人口的演变，这将在此问题上进行实证研究的进展，而这些方法没有假定的原因（环境或社会）是先验的。这将越来越需要跨学科的范围来吸引科学家的观点和技术与考古学家的研究问题。但是能够研究这些现象。此处提出的研究将准确启动这项工作所需的跨学科和国际伙伴关系，弥合学科和国家。 Noe-Nygaard博士是Amose古生态学和第四纪地质学专家，在她的大部分职业生涯中都在考古项目中合作。它将在哥本哈根和威斯康星 - 麦迪逊岛的教职员工的协助下执行，并应生产几个联合出版物。希望它将激发这些机构与学科之间在这些和其他研究问题上的进一步合作。实际上，这应该包括将这项研究扩展到晚期，以将景观修饰的类型和强度衡量到历史时期。