Plant Diversity in the Montane and Submontane Forests of Southern Bahia and Northern Espírito Santo, Brazil

巴西巴伊亚南部和圣埃斯皮里图北部山地和山下森林的植物多样性

• 批准号: 0516233
• 负责人: William Thomas
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: New York Botanical Garden
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0516233&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Plant; Diversity; Montane; Submontane; Forests; Plant; Diversity; Montane; Submontane; Forests

The Atlantic coastal forest of Brazil is one of the World's biodiversity "hotspots." It suffers severe deforestation and has high biological diversity, especially of species found nowhere else (endemic species). Collection of biological specimens from these highly fragmented forests is unevenly distributed, with most collections made in proximity to cities or large protected areas, or in more easily accessible areas near the coast. This narrow fringe of forest comprises several areas of high endemism for plants and many groups of animals. These include the coastal montane forests of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (Paulista area) and the moist forests of southern Bahia. The division between the Paulista area and the Bahia area coincides with a very poorly collected region of forests in northern Espirito Santo and extreme southern Bahia. It is hypothesized that increased collecting in the gap between the Paulista area and the Bahia area will show that this gap does not exist. It will demonstrate that species now known only from the submontane forests of Bahia will be found occurring in similar forests farther south and that plants known only from the montane forests of the Serra do Mar of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo will be found in the high elevation forests of northern Espirito Santo and southern Bahia. Staff of The New York Botanical Garden (NY), the Center for Cocoa Research (CEPEC), the State University of Santa Cruz, Bahia (UESC), and the Mello Leitao Biological Museum (MBML) of Santa Teresa, Espirito Santo, will collaborate and collect the vascular plants in the submontane and montane forests of southern Bahia and northern Espirito Santo, Brazil. The project, with support from the Office of International Science and Engineering and the Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories program , will have: 1) tested the hypotheses that there is no gap between the Paulista and Bahia centers of endemism, and that many montane and submontane species are less restricted in distribution than previously believed; 2) produced specimens that will be used by present and future biologists for expert identification, study, and descriptions of new species; 3) compiled a core checklist of the flora of the southern Bahian and northern Espirito Santo; and 4) reassessed patterns of plant endemism in the forests of eastern Brazil. This project will be critical to intelligent conservation in the Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil. The project team will find and highlight areas of submontane and montane forest for possible conservation. In addition, distributions of rare plant species will be better defined, permitting an assessment of criteria for the inclusion of each species on IUCN's Red List of threatened species. It is expected that these distributions will be seen to follow patterns of ecological zonation and the presence or absence of certain species in a given forest fragment will be predictable. Training of Brazilian botanists and NY graduate students will be another important byproduct of our research, as the US students travel to Brazil they will develop important collaborations for future work.

巴西大西洋沿海森林是世界上生物多样性的“热点”之一。 它遭受了严重的森林砍伐，并且具有很高的生物学多样性，尤其是在其他地方发现的物种（特有物种）。 这些高度碎片的森林中的生物标本分布不均匀，大多数收集在靠近城市或大型保护区，或在海岸附近更容易进入的地区。 这个狭窄的森林边缘包括植物和许多动物的多个高道德领域。 其中包括圣保罗和里约热内卢（Paulista地区）的沿海山地森林以及巴伊亚南部的潮湿森林。 保利斯塔地区和巴伊亚地区之间的分裂与北埃斯佩利托·桑托（Espirito Santo）和巴伊亚（Extreme Bahia）的森林地区相吻合。 假设在Paulista地区和巴伊亚地区之间的差距中收集的增加将表明该差距不存在。 它将证明，只有从巴伊亚的下层森林中知道的物种才会出现在更南部的类似森林中，并且只有在里约热内卢塞拉的蒙塔尼森林中知道的植物才能在里约热内卢和圣保罗的蒙塔尼森林中发现，并在北埃斯佩利托·桑托（Espirito Santo）和巴伊亚（Santo Santo）北部的高海拔森林中发现。 纽约植物园（纽约）的工作人员，可可研究中心（CEPEC），圣克鲁斯州立大学，巴伊亚大学（UESC）（UESC）和梅洛·莱托（Mello Leitao Biology Museum）巴西圣托。 该项目在国际科学和工程办公室以及生物多样性调查和库存计划的支持下，将有：1）检验的假设，即保利斯塔和巴伊亚人之间没有差距，许多蒙塔尼和下层物种在分布方面的限制较小； 2）生产的标本将被当前和未来的生物学家用于专家识别，研究和描述新物种； 3）编写了巴希南部和北部埃斯佩利托·桑托（Norther Espirito Santo）植物区系的核心清单； 4）在巴西东部的森林中，重新评估植物特有的模式。该项目对于巴西东部大西洋森林的智能保护至关重要。 该项目团队将找到并突出海底和蒙塔尼森林的领域，以保护可能的保护。 此外，将更好地定义稀有植物物种的分布，允许评估将每种物种纳入IUCN的红色威胁物种清单中的标准。 可以预期，这些分布将遵循生态分区的模式，并且在给定森林碎片中某些物种的存在或不存在将是可以预测的。 对巴西植物学家和纽约研究生的培训将是我们研究的另一个重要副产品，因为美国的学生前往巴西，他们将开展重要的合作，以进行未来的工作。