Collaborative Research: The Relation of Behavior of Copepod Juveniles to Potential Predation by Omnivorous Copepods

合作研究：桡足类幼体的行为与杂食性桡足类潜在捕食的关系

• 批准号: 0323959
• 负责人: Houshuo Jiang
• 金额: $ 16.15万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-10-01 至 2006-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0323959&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Relation; Behavior; Copepod

During a planktonic copepod's life cycle the effects of predation can be particularly pronounced during the early naupliar stages. Among the major predators are omnivorous copepods. The processes leading to such predation have been evaluated but rarely demonstrated. These processes include fluid dynamics near both prey and predator, recognition of hydrodynamic signals by both, and the respective responses with either attack and/or escape, and the eventual outcome.The objective of this research project is to determine the various mechanisms that can lead to predation by omnivorous copepods on nauplii of different abundant species of planktonic copepods, and on an early copepod stage of one of those species. Our hypothesis is that predation rates are a function of a juvenile's motion and perception behavior, and the predator's perceptive and capture capabilities. We will determine these mechanisms by combining modeling studies with empirical observations. Published, unpublished, and newly obtained empirical results on copepod motion will be used to develop fluid dynamics models of free?swimming prey and predators as they approach and encounter each other. The same empirical data will be used to verify the modeling results. The modeling results will suggest new, additional empirical work. We feel that coupling modeling with empirical studies presents a promising opportunity to unravel the mechanisms leading to predation, in relation to the behavior of prey and predator. The ecological significance of the proposed studies is related to in situ mortality of copepod juveniles. Since this variable, mortality, is usually impossible to quantify in situ, our proposed research can be seen as an attempt to use results at small scales towards an understanding of a bigger picture i.e. the relation of behavior to mortality in the ocean.Intellectual Merit. The idea of combining this type of behavioral observations with the proposed hydrodynamic modeling is original. The modeling focuses on a self?propelled body, as compared to nonswimming particles used in previous studies. The empirical effort provides initial information for modeling, such as the various behaviors of the different prey and of the predator; and is later used to verify it. The expected results will provide insights on the comparative ability of early juveniles of different copepod species to minimize predation by co?occurring omnivorous species, including their own species.Broader Impact. We will provide with our empirical?modeling studies detailed information to undergraduate and graduate students at the Institute of Ecology and the School of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary research in ecological studies. We will recruit at least 2 undergraduate students each year to cooperate closely with us. These undergraduate students will be trained for at least 3 months per year in copepod process studies, and advanced small?scale modeling of fluid dynamics.The significance of the proposed research is to develop a general understanding of the probability of predation on early copepod juveniles by adult omnivorous copepods.

在浮游生物pepod的生命周期中，捕食的影响在早期的早期阶段中特别明显。主要捕食者中有杂食性的copepods。已经评估了导致这种捕食的过程，但很少证明。 These processes include fluid dynamics near both prey and predator, recognition of hydrodynamic signals by both, and the respective responses with either attack and/or escape, and the eventual outcome.The objective of this research project is to determine the various mechanisms that can lead to predation by omnivorous copepods on nauplii of different abundant species of planktonic copepods, and on an early copepod stage of one of those species.我们的假设是，捕食率是少年运动和感知行为以及捕食者的感知和捕获能力的函数。我们将通过将建模研究与经验观察结合结合来确定这些机制。出版，未发表和新获得的有关CopePod运动的经验结果将用于开发自由游泳猎物和捕食者的流体动力学模型，它们接近并相遇。相同的经验数据将用于验证建模结果。建模结果将提出新的，额外的经验工作。我们认为，与经验研究结合建模提供了一个有希望的机会，可以与猎物和捕食者的行为相关的导致捕食的机制。拟议的研究的生态意义与Copepod少年的原位死亡率有关。由于这种变量通常无法原位量化死亡率，因此我们提出的研究可以看作是试图在小尺度上使用结果来理解更大的情况，即行为与海洋死亡率的关系。将这种类型的行为观察与所提出的流体动力建模相结合的想法是原始的。与以前的研究中使用的非数量的颗粒相比，该建模侧重于自我的身体。经验努力为建模提供了初始信息，例如不同猎物和捕食者的各种行为；后来用于验证它。预期的结果将提供有关不同copepod物种早期青少年的比较能力，以最大程度地减少出现的杂食物种的捕食，包括自己的物种。我们将向佐治亚大学生态学研究所和海洋科学学院的本科生和研究生提供经验？我们每年将至少招募至少2名本科生与我们密切合作。这些本科生每年将接受至少3个月的培训，并在CopePod过程研究中进行了三个月的培训，并进行了液体动力学的高级小尺度建模。拟议的研究的重要性是对成人肉食共蛋白酶对早期copepod少年的捕食可能性的一般理解。