Collaborative Research: The Relation of Behavior of Copepod Juveniles to Potential Predation by Omnivorous Copepods

合作研究：桡足类幼体的行为与杂食性桡足类潜在捕食的关系

• 批准号: 0323959
• 负责人: Houshuo Jiang
• 金额: $ 16.15万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-10-01 至 2006-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0323959&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Relation; Behavior; Copepod

During a planktonic copepod's life cycle the effects of predation can be particularly pronounced during the early naupliar stages. Among the major predators are omnivorous copepods. The processes leading to such predation have been evaluated but rarely demonstrated. These processes include fluid dynamics near both prey and predator, recognition of hydrodynamic signals by both, and the respective responses with either attack and/or escape, and the eventual outcome.The objective of this research project is to determine the various mechanisms that can lead to predation by omnivorous copepods on nauplii of different abundant species of planktonic copepods, and on an early copepod stage of one of those species. Our hypothesis is that predation rates are a function of a juvenile's motion and perception behavior, and the predator's perceptive and capture capabilities. We will determine these mechanisms by combining modeling studies with empirical observations. Published, unpublished, and newly obtained empirical results on copepod motion will be used to develop fluid dynamics models of free?swimming prey and predators as they approach and encounter each other. The same empirical data will be used to verify the modeling results. The modeling results will suggest new, additional empirical work. We feel that coupling modeling with empirical studies presents a promising opportunity to unravel the mechanisms leading to predation, in relation to the behavior of prey and predator. The ecological significance of the proposed studies is related to in situ mortality of copepod juveniles. Since this variable, mortality, is usually impossible to quantify in situ, our proposed research can be seen as an attempt to use results at small scales towards an understanding of a bigger picture i.e. the relation of behavior to mortality in the ocean.Intellectual Merit. The idea of combining this type of behavioral observations with the proposed hydrodynamic modeling is original. The modeling focuses on a self?propelled body, as compared to nonswimming particles used in previous studies. The empirical effort provides initial information for modeling, such as the various behaviors of the different prey and of the predator; and is later used to verify it. The expected results will provide insights on the comparative ability of early juveniles of different copepod species to minimize predation by co?occurring omnivorous species, including their own species.Broader Impact. We will provide with our empirical?modeling studies detailed information to undergraduate and graduate students at the Institute of Ecology and the School of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary research in ecological studies. We will recruit at least 2 undergraduate students each year to cooperate closely with us. These undergraduate students will be trained for at least 3 months per year in copepod process studies, and advanced small?scale modeling of fluid dynamics.The significance of the proposed research is to develop a general understanding of the probability of predation on early copepod juveniles by adult omnivorous copepods.

在浮游桡足类的生命周期中，捕食的影响在早期无节幼体阶段尤其明显。主要捕食者是杂食性桡足类动物。导致这种捕食的过程已经被评估过，但很少得到证实。这些过程包括猎物和捕食者附近的流体动力学、两者对流体动力学信号的识别、攻击和/或逃跑的相应响应以及最终结果。该研究项目的目的是确定可能导致猎物和捕食者死亡的各种机制。杂食性桡足类对不同丰富的浮游桡足类无节幼体的捕食，以及这些物种之一的早期桡足类阶段的捕食。我们的假设是，捕食率是青少年的运动和感知行为以及捕食者的感知和捕获能力的函数。我们将通过将模型研究与实证观察相结合来确定这些机制。已发表、未发表和新获得的桡足类运动实证结果将用于开发自由游动的猎物和捕食者在接近和相遇时的流体动力学模型。相同的经验数据将用于验证建模结果。建模结果将提出新的、额外的实证工作。我们认为，将模型与实证研究结合起来，为揭示与猎物和捕食者行为相关的捕食机制提供了一个有希望的机会。拟议研究的生态意义与桡足类幼体的原地死亡率有关。由于死亡率这个变量通常无法在现场进行量化，因此我们提出的研究可以被视为尝试利用小规模的结果来理解更大的图景，即海洋中的行为与死亡率的关系。智力价值。将这种类型的行为观察与所提出的流体动力学模型相结合的想法是原创的。与之前研究中使用的非游泳粒子相比，该模型侧重于自驱动体。实证工作为建模提供了初始信息，例如不同猎物和捕食者的各种行为；并随后用于验证它。预期的结果将提供关于不同桡足类物种的早期幼体的比较能力的见解，以尽量减少共生杂食性物种（包括它们自己的物种）的捕食。更广泛的影响。我们将为佐治亚大学生态研究所和海洋科学学院的本科生和研究生提供实证模型研究的详细信息，强调生态研究中跨学科研究的重要性。我们每年至少招收2名本科生与我们紧密合作。这些本科生每年将接受至少 3 个月的桡足类过程研究和高级流体动力学小规模建模培训。本研究的意义在于通过以下方法对早期桡足类幼体的捕食概率有一个总体了解：成年杂食性桡足类动物。