Collaborative Research: Arctic time series measurements of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio, CO2 concentration, and CO2 isotopes in relation to changing carbon cycling and biogeochemistry

合作研究：大气 O2/N2 比率、CO2 浓度和 CO2 同位素与碳循环和生物地球化学变化相关的北极时间序列测量

• 批准号: 1922922
• 负责人: Ralph Keeling
• 金额: $ 207.89万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; time; series

This project supports the continuation of long-term measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and related species such as oxygen (O2) via flasks collected at three Arctic sites. These measurements comprise the longest continuous geochemical records of several key atmospheric trace gases and have direct relevance for understanding climate changes and related changes in land and ocean ecosystems at high northern latitudes. CO2 not only is a critical greenhouse gas but its variations are diagnostic of photosynthesis and respiration of land ecosystems, such as tundra and forests, which support the food-web and health of Arctic ecosystems. Related measurements of atmospheric species, such as O2 and the isotopes of CO2, complement and expand this knowledge base. Previous measurements of atmospheric CO2 reveal clearly that dramatic changes have occurred in the cycling of carbon at high latitudes. Larger changes are likely to occur in the decades ahead and models alone cannot inform our understanding of those outcomes. Hence, atmospheric measurements comprise a key element of an observing system that will allow understanding of how fast and in what respect these systems are changing. This project not only continues long-term flask measurements but also initiates new atmospheric measurements through in situ instrumentation to be installed at Utqiagvik, Alaska. This project supports flask collections at Cold Bay and Utqiagvik, Alaska, and at Alert Station on Ellesmere Island. The flasks will be returned to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where they will be analyzed for CO2 concentration, the stable isotopes of CO2, and the O2/N2 and Ar/N2 ratios. The project will also support the installation and operation of an in situ O2/N2 analyzer system at Utqiagvik, Alaska. This new installation will enable the study of O2 exchanges with the nearby Chukchi, Beaufort, and Bering Seas based on the ability to resolve short-term signals of regional origin. Augmenting these data collection efforts, this project will support data analysis to detect and quantify long-term changes in the measured atmospheric trace gases, with a particular focus on changes in seasonal cycles. In addition, it will support comparisons between the observed variations in O2 at Utqiagvik with estimates of the expected variations simulated in state-of-the art numerical models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目支持通过在三个北极部位收集的烧瓶进行大气二氧化碳（CO2）和相关物种的长期测量。 这些测量值包括几种关键大气痕量气体的最长连续地球化学记录，并具有直接相关性，可直接相关，以理解高北纬度地区的土地和海洋生态系统的相关变化。 二氧化碳不仅是关键的温室气体，而且其变化是对土地生态系统（例如苔原和森林）的光合作用和呼吸的诊断，这些田格和森林支持北极生态系统的食物 - 胜利和健康。 大气物种（例如O2和CO2的同位素）的相关测量值补充和扩展了这一知识库。 先前对大气二氧化碳的测量清楚地表明，在高纬度的碳循环中发生了巨大变化。 在未来的几十年中，可能会发生更大的变化，仅模型就无法告知我们对这些结果的理解。 因此，大气测量构成了观察系统的关键要素，该系统将允许了解这些系统的变化速度和在什么方面发生变化。 该项目不仅持续了长期的烧瓶测量，而且还通过在阿拉斯加的Utqiagvik安装的原位仪器来启动新的大气测量。该项目支持Cold Bay和Alaska Utqiagvik的烧瓶收藏，以及Ellesmere Island的Alert Station。 烧瓶将返回到Scripps海洋学研究所，在那里将分析二氧化碳浓度，稳定的二氧化碳同位素以及O2/N2和AR/N2比率。 该项目还将支持阿拉斯加Utqiagvik的原位O2/N2分析仪系统的安装和操作。 这个新的装置将根据解决区域起源短期信号的能力，使附近的Chukchi，Beaufort和Bering Seas进行O2交流。 扩大了这些数据收集工作，该项目将支持数据分析，以检测和量化测得的大气痕量气体的长期变化，特别关注季节性周期的变化。 此外，它将支持UTQIAGVIK O2中观察到的变化之间的比较，并估计最先进的数值模型中模拟的预期变化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

An Atmospheric Constraint on the Seasonal Air‐Sea Exchange of Oxygen and Heat in the Extratropics

大气对季节性空气的限制——温带地区氧气和热量的海洋交换

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017510
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Morgan, Eric J.;Manizza, Manfredi;Keeling, Ralph F.;Resplandy, Laure;Mikaloff‐Fletcher, Sara E.;Nevison, Cynthia D.;Jin, Yuming;Bent, Jonathan D.;Aumont, Olivier;Doney, Scott C.
• 通讯作者: Doney, Scott C.

Insights from Time Series of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Related Tracers

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-125406
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 46, 2021
• 作者: Keeling, Ralph F.;Graven, Heather D.
• 通讯作者: Graven, Heather D.

A mass-weighted isentropic coordinate for mapping chemical tracers and computing atmospheric inventories

用于绘制化学示踪剂和计算大气库存的质量加权等熵坐标

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-217-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Jin, Yuming;Keeling, Ralph F.;Morgan, Eric J.;Ray, Eric;Parazoo, Nicholas C.;Stephens, Britton B.
• 通讯作者: Stephens, Britton B.