Collaborative Research: Arctic time series measurements of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio, CO2 concentration, and CO2 isotopes in relation to changing carbon cycling and biogeochemistry

合作研究：大气 O2/N2 比率、CO2 浓度和 CO2 同位素与碳循环和生物地球化学变化相关的北极时间序列测量

• 批准号: 1922922
• 负责人: Ralph Keeling
• 金额: $ 207.89万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1922922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Arctic; time; series

This project supports the continuation of long-term measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and related species such as oxygen (O2) via flasks collected at three Arctic sites. These measurements comprise the longest continuous geochemical records of several key atmospheric trace gases and have direct relevance for understanding climate changes and related changes in land and ocean ecosystems at high northern latitudes. CO2 not only is a critical greenhouse gas but its variations are diagnostic of photosynthesis and respiration of land ecosystems, such as tundra and forests, which support the food-web and health of Arctic ecosystems. Related measurements of atmospheric species, such as O2 and the isotopes of CO2, complement and expand this knowledge base. Previous measurements of atmospheric CO2 reveal clearly that dramatic changes have occurred in the cycling of carbon at high latitudes. Larger changes are likely to occur in the decades ahead and models alone cannot inform our understanding of those outcomes. Hence, atmospheric measurements comprise a key element of an observing system that will allow understanding of how fast and in what respect these systems are changing. This project not only continues long-term flask measurements but also initiates new atmospheric measurements through in situ instrumentation to be installed at Utqiagvik, Alaska. This project supports flask collections at Cold Bay and Utqiagvik, Alaska, and at Alert Station on Ellesmere Island. The flasks will be returned to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography where they will be analyzed for CO2 concentration, the stable isotopes of CO2, and the O2/N2 and Ar/N2 ratios. The project will also support the installation and operation of an in situ O2/N2 analyzer system at Utqiagvik, Alaska. This new installation will enable the study of O2 exchanges with the nearby Chukchi, Beaufort, and Bering Seas based on the ability to resolve short-term signals of regional origin. Augmenting these data collection efforts, this project will support data analysis to detect and quantify long-term changes in the measured atmospheric trace gases, with a particular focus on changes in seasonal cycles. In addition, it will support comparisons between the observed variations in O2 at Utqiagvik with estimates of the expected variations simulated in state-of-the art numerical models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目支持通过在三个北极地点收集的烧瓶继续对大气中的二氧化碳 (CO2) 和氧气 (O2) 等相关物质进行长期测量。 这些测量结果包括几种关键大气痕量气体的最长连续地球化学记录，对于了解气候变化以及北高纬度陆地和海洋生态系统的相关变化具有直接相关性。 二氧化碳不仅是一种关键的温室气体，而且其变化可以诊断陆地生态系统（例如苔原和森林）的光合作用和呼吸作用，这些生态系统支持北极生态系统的食物网和健康。 大气物质（例如氧气和二氧化碳同位素）的相关测量补充并扩展了这一知识库。 之前对大气二氧化碳的测量清楚地表明，高纬度地区的碳循环发生了巨大的变化。 未来几十年可能会发生更大的变化，仅靠模型无法让我们理解这些结果。 因此，大气测量是观测系统的一个关键要素，可以让我们了解这些系统的变化速度和程度。 该项目不仅继续进行长期烧瓶测量，而且还通过安装在阿拉斯加乌特恰格维克的现场仪器启动新的大气测量。该项目支持阿拉斯加科尔德湾和乌特恰格维克以及埃尔斯米尔岛警报站的烧瓶收集。 这些烧瓶将被送回斯克里普斯海洋学研究所，在那里对它们进行二氧化碳浓度、二氧化碳稳定同位素以及 O2/N2 和 Ar/N2 比率的分析。 该项目还将支持阿拉斯加乌特恰维克的原位 O2/N2 分析仪系统的安装和运行。 这个新装置将能够根据解析区域来源的短期信号的能力，研究与附近的楚科奇海、波弗特海和白令海的氧气交换。 为了加强这些数据收集工作，该项目将支持数据分析，以检测和量化所测量的大气痕量气体的长期变化，特别关注季节性周期的变化。 此外，它将支持在 Utqiagvik 观测到的 O2 变化与最先进的数值模型中模拟的预期变化的估计之间进行比较。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的评估进行评估，被认为值得支持。智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

An Atmospheric Constraint on the Seasonal Air‐Sea Exchange of Oxygen and Heat in the Extratropics

大气对季节性空气的限制——温带地区氧气和热量的海洋交换

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017510
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Morgan, Eric J.;Manizza, Manfredi;Keeling, Ralph F.;Resplandy, Laure;Mikaloff‐Fletcher, Sara E.;Nevison, Cynthia D.;Jin, Yuming;Bent, Jonathan D.;Aumont, Olivier;Doney, Scott C.
• 通讯作者: Doney, Scott C.

Insights from Time Series of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Related Tracers

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-125406
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 46, 2021
• 作者: Keeling, Ralph F.;Graven, Heather D.
• 通讯作者: Graven, Heather D.

A mass-weighted isentropic coordinate for mapping chemical tracers and computing atmospheric inventories

用于绘制化学示踪剂和计算大气库存的质量加权等熵坐标

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-217-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Jin, Yuming;Keeling, Ralph F.;Morgan, Eric J.;Ray, Eric;Parazoo, Nicholas C.;Stephens, Britton B.
• 通讯作者: Stephens, Britton B.